Liver chick

Liver Chick Newly hatched 51 Greenfield and Boell (1968)... 

Figure 3. Effect of oleic acid (10%) on the allo-purinol (0.75 gs/kg) induction of XDH in chick liver. Chicks were fed Startena (18% protein) for three weeks before materials were added to this diet. Controls ( ), allopurinol (O), oleic acid (A ), and allopurinol plus oleic acid ( ). The allopurinol was removed prior to measuring XDH activities (6).

Russell, D., and Snyder, S. H., 1968, Amine synthesis in rapidly growing tissues Ornithine decarboxylase activity in regenerating rat liver, chick embryo and various tissues, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 62 558. 

The gross lesions seen in chicks treated with chlorodibenzodioxins are summarized in Table VI. The most consistent gross lesions were increased pericardial and peritoneal fluid, subcutaneous and pulmonary edema, hepatomegaly, and a mottled appearance of the liver. 

The quantity and organization of the mucosa are critical determinants of GIT functions. Feeding chicks and rats diets with tannins causes mucosal atrophy and villus shortening, with liver damage, and decreases growth and survival... 

ORTIZ L T, ALZUETA c, TREVINO J, CASTANO M (1994) Effects of faba bean tannins on the growth and histological strncture of the intestinal tract and liver of chicks and rats. Br Poult Sci. 35 743-54. 

Mokady S, Avron M and Ben-Amotz A. 1990. Accumulation in chick livers of 9-cis versus all-frans-beta-carotene. J Nutr 120 889-892. 

No data are available on copper toxicity to avian wildlife. Experiments with domestic poultry show that copper accumulates in livers of mallard ducklings at dietary concentrations as low as 15 mg/kg DW ration that gizzard histopathology and a reduction in weight gain of chicks (Gallus sp.) occur at 250 to 350 mg Cu/kg DW ration and that growth of turkey poults is improved at... 

England 1992-93 expanding colony whole late embryo stage vs. chick liver ... 

Brunstrom, B., M. Engwall, K. Hjelm, L. Lindqvist, and Y. Zebuhr. 1995. EROD induction in cultured chick embryo liver a sensitive bioassay for dioxin-like environmental pollutants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14 837-852. 

Rifkind, A.B., A. Firpo, Jr., and D.R. Alonso. 1984. Coordinate induction of cytochrome P-448 mediated mixed function oxidases and histopathologic changes produced acutely in chick embryo liver by polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 72 343-354. 

The last of the fat-soluble vitamins to be identified was vitamin K, found by Dam to be an anti-hemorrhagic factor for young chicks, distinct from vitamin C. Its structure was determined by Dam in collaboration with Karrer. Interest in the vitamin was intensified when it was discovered (Link, 1941) that dicoumarol, present in spoiled sweet clover, was the agent producing hypothrombinemia (giving prolonged blood-clotting time) in cattle. Since vitamin K is structurally similar to dicoumarol, the vitamin was presumptively implicated in thrombin formation. This has been fully substantiated by recent work on the role of vitamin K in the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver. 

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