Lithographic procedure

The particular metals and metallization processes may be very significant. For devices involving Schottky barriers the metal work functions may be important, but the process by which the metallization is created may be the dominant factor. Surface states at the silicon interface could make the particular metal insignificant. In some cases the metallization is governed by compatibility with available lithographic procedures. 

Each of the electrode geometries shown in Fig. 1 can be arranged in groups to form array electrodes, examples of which are shown in Fig. 2. The behavior of array electrodes depends on the ratio of the diameter of the individual electrode features to the spacing between electrode features as demonstrated in Fig. 3. Arrays may be made using lithographic procedures or electrochemical or electroless template deposition methods. 

On the other hand, the manufacture of the TV screen is a multi-step operation The lithographic procedure has to be repeated for each of the three colours separately and in some cases an extra step is necessary in order to generate a non reflecting matrix pattern around the colour dots The colour dots are produced on the screen by flow... 

In order to address each LCD on the panel, amorphous silicon thin film transistors have been used >, which are made by a conventional lithographic procedure. Although the latest reported size is only 12.5 cm (5 inch), it is a promising development in a field where the cathode ray tube has enjoyed a monopoly position since the introduction of television. 

Figure 4.72. Schematic of soft lithographic procedures for (a) replica molding (REM), (b) microtransfer molding (pTM), (c) micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC), and (d) solvent-assisted micromolding (SAMIM). Reproduced with permission from Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 550. Copyright 1998 Wiley-VCH.

Such lithographic procedure allows for the precise control of the initiator grafting density at the micrometer scale and allows, in principle, the patterning of surfaces with domains presenting controlled polymer brush grafting densities and therefore controlled thicknesses. It is in principle transposable to recently reported ways to electrochemically mediate ATRP... 

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