Lithographic fabrication procedure

Fig. 4.6. General lithographic fabrication procedure, applicable to both electron-beam lithography and colloidal lithography...

With time, the microbial chip fabrication procedures have evolved enabling SECM studies of increasingly complex biological processes. Nagamine et al. reported an on-chip transformation of E. coli cells. Their technique was based on soft lithographic processes, which were... 

In addition, it is very important to arrange, align, orientate, and integrate these polymer and/or hybridized NCs exactly and selectively on a substrate [55-59, 61, 87], and one should keep such kinds of NCs in mind in order to input and output optical- and electric-signals and/or information for device application. Here, encapsulation of polymer NCs and their arrangement by the use of a lithographically patterned substrate have been proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems [61]. As a typical example, the assembled structure of polymer microspheres (MSs) having mono-dispersed size is well known in the applications of some photonic crystal devices [87], In contrast, the proposed fabrication procedures seem to be much more extensive and superior to the previous ones. 

Figure 5.5.18 illustrates the ScL procedure used by Loo and coworkers to fabricate laminated pentacene TFTs. The top substrate, containing the [tCP-printed source and drain electrodes, was constructed on a PDMS-coated plastic substrate [89]. The bottom substrate was constructed on an ITO-coated plastic substrate. The ITO, patterned photo lithographically to define the gate level, was coated with an organosilesquioxane spin-on glass, which comprises the dielectric. Pentacene [44]... 

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