Lithium-ion battery electrochemical reactions

W. Li, B. L. Lucht, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2006, 153, A1617-A1625. Lithium-ion batteries Thermal reactions of electrolyte with the surface of metal oxide cathode particles. 

L. Yang, B. Ravdel, B. L. Lucht, Electrolyte Reactions with the Surface of High Voltage LiNi0.5Mnl.5O4 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2010, 13,A95-A97. 

Yang L, Ravdel B, Lucht BL (2010) Electrolyte reactions with the surface of high voltage LiNio.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem Solid St 13 A95-A97... 

It is now well established that in lithium batteries (including lithium-ion batteries) containing either liquid or polymer electrolytes, the anode is always covered by a passivating layer called the SEI. However, the chemical and electrochemical formation reactions and properties of this layer are as yet not well understood. In this section we discuss the electrode surface and SEI characterizations, film formation reactions (chemical and electrochemical), and other phenomena taking place at the lithium or lithium-alloy anode, and at the Li. C6 anode/electrolyte interface in both liquid and polymer-electrolyte batteries. We focus on the lithium anode but the theoretical considerations are common to all alkali-metal anodes. We address also the initial electrochemical formation steps of the SEI, the role of the solvated-electron rate constant in the selection of SEI-building materials (precursors), and the correlation between SEI properties and battery quality and performance. 

Molten salts at room temperature, so-called ionic liquids [1, 2], attracting the attention of many researchers because of their excellent properties, such as high ion content, liquid-state over a wide temperature range, low viscosity, nonvolatility, nonflammability, and high ionic conductivity. The current literature on these unique salts can be divided into two areas of research neoteric solvents as environmentally benign reaction media [3-7], and electrolyte solutions for electrochemical applications, for example, in the lithium-ion battery [8-12], fuel cell [13-15], solar cell [16-18], and capacitor [19-21],... 

There are two main kinds of rechargeable battery based on lithium chemistry the lithium-metal and the lithium-ion battery. In both the positive electrode is a lithium insertion material the negative in the former is lithium metal and in the latter it is a lithium insertion host. The reason for the application in lithium batteries of insertion electrode materials, which are electronic and ionic conductive solid matrixes (inorganic and carbon-based), is that electrochemical insertion reactions are intrinsically simple and highly reversible. 

Endo E., Tanaka K. and Seika K. Initial Reaction in the Reduction Decomposition of Electrolyte Solutions for Lithium Batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, 4029-4033 (2000). Henriksen G. Advanced Process Research Overview/AdvancesJ Proceedings of the Annual Merit Review Meeting of the U.S. DOE ATD Program, Argonne, IL, (8/2001). Cao F., Barsukov I.V., Bang FI.J., Zaleski P. and Prakash J. Evaluation of Graphite Materials as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. J. Electrochem Soc. 147 (10), 3579-3583 (2000). 

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