Lithium bromide hydrocarbonate

Robertson et al.261 measured rates of bromination of some aromatic hydrocarbons in acetic acid containing sodium acetate (to eliminate protonation of the aromatic by liberated hydrogen bromide) and lithium bromide (to reduce the rate to a measurable velocity ) at 25 °C, the second-order rate coefficients for 3-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline and anisole being 14.2 and 0.016 respectively the former compound was thus stated to be about 1012 times as reactive as benzene (though no measurement of the latter rate coefficient, inferred to be 1.33 xlO-11, could be found in the literature) and this large rate spread gives one further indication of the unreactive nature of the electrophile. Other rates relative to benzene were ... 

Note Highly polar solvent sweet, ethereal odor soluble in water flammable, burns with a luminous flame highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption miscible with water, methanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethers, acetamide solutions, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride, and many unsaturated hydrocarbons immiscible with many saturated hydrocarbons (petroleum fractions) dissolves some inorganic salts such as silver nitrate, lithium nitrate, magnesium bromide incompatible with strong oxidants hydrolyzes in the presence of aqueous bases and strong aqueous acids. Synonyms methyl cyanide, acetic acid nitrile, cyanomethane, ethylnitrile. 

Lithium gallium hydride reduces effectively both primary and secondary alkyl bromides and iodides to the corresponding hydrocarbons (Table 41).435... 

Lithium iso -amyl, LiCgH, reacts with triethyl-n-butylammonium bromide to give diethyl-n-butylamine and lithium n-heptyl, with tetra-n-butylammonium iodide to form tri-n-butylamine, a trace of a hydrocarbon and possibly n-heptane. 

Lithium triethylborohydride (LiEtjBH) is a super-nucleophile that reduces primary alkyl bromides " and tosylates more effectively to the corresponding hydrocarbons than does LiAlH4. Epoxides are readily cleaved to give alcohols by attack of the hydride at the less substituted carbon. ... 

NITROCARBOL (75-52-5) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 95°F/35°C). Thermally unstable. Shock, friction, pressure, or elevated temperature above 599°F/315°C can cause explosive decomposition, especially if confined. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, alkyl metal halides, diethylaluminum bromide, formic acid, methylzinc iodide. Contact with acids, bases, acetone, aluminum powder, amines, bis(2-aminoethyl)amine, haolforms make this material more sensitive to explosion. Reacts, possibly violently, with ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium hypochlorite, 1,2-diaminomethane, formaldehyde, hexamethylbenzene, hydrocarbons, hydroxides, lithium perchlorite, m-methyl aniline, nickel peroxide, nitric acid, metal oxides, potassium hydride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride. Mixtures with ammonia, aniline, diethylenetriamine, metal oxides, methyl amine, morpholine, phosphoric acid, silver nitrate form shock-sensitive compounds. Forms high-explosive compound with urea perchlorate. Mixtures with hydrocarbons and other combustible materials can cause fire and explosions. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. 

Liquid Elh.r-like odor Poisonous Burns with a lumi nous name Flash pt 12 8 C <55 F) dl 0.78745. d 0 7l38 mp —45. bpw, 81 6° njf I 34604. ng 1.33934 Dido.Inc constant al 20° — 38.8. Surface tension at 20" - 29 04 dyncs/cm. Misc with water, methannl. melhyl acetate, elhyl acetate, acetone, ether, acetamide solutions, chlornform. carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride and many unsaturated hydrocarbons. Immiscible with many saturated hydrocarbons (petroleum fractions). Dissolves some in organic salts, eg., silver nitrate, lithium nitrate, magnesium bromide Constant boiling mixture with water contains 16% HjO and bp 76° LDm orally in rats 3800 mg/kg (Smyth)... 

Lithium-halogen exchange. Alkenyl iodides (but not the bromides) and BuLi react at room temperature in hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane and benzene (50-100% yield). This method is favorable in comparison with that using r-BuLi because only I equivalent of the reagent is needed. 

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