Liquids, storage double-wall

Even with highly-insulated double-walled, vacuum-jacketed storage tanks liquid hydrogen can evaporate. This evaporation increases the pressure on the tank wall and the gaseous hydrogen must be vented to the atmosphere to keep the tank from rupturing. Stationary liquid hydrogen... 

General Motors has also been experimenting with H2/02 fuel cells to power an Opel Zafira minivan in which the H2 is supplied directly, stored either in ultrahigh-pressure tanks or at a very low temperature as a liquid. For liquid H2 storage GM has developed a double-walled, vacuum-insulated steel tank that holds about 10 lb of H2(l) at —435°F, good for about a 250-mile range. Alternatively, the H2 can be stored as a gas in two carbon-fiber-reinforced, 10,000-psi tanks that hold a total... 

The radioactive wastes from plant operations are stored as liquids or slurries in double-walled carbon steel tanks. Each tank has a capacity of 750,000-1,300,000 gal. Until recently, the only alternative under serious consideration was storage as a liquid in a deep mined cavern under the... 

The double walled vacuum jacketed storage tanks and piping that are required for liquid hydrogen are expensive compared to conventional fuel storage tanks. A gasoline tank might cost about 150, while a liquid... 

Typical containers for cryogenic liquids are pressure vessels, spheres or tanks. In any case the normal storage device consists of a double wall, much like a thermos. Between the two walls is an insulation barrier to keep the cold within the inner vessel. Where the service requirements become critical in terms of minimizing heat loss, evacuation of the inner space becomes economically justifiable. The maintenance of this vacuum becomes one of the long term service problems. Vacuum requirements frequently begin for temperatures below (-) 200°F. 

A standard liquid storage and transfer system is composed of a double wall storage vessel with either metallic or synthetic flexible transport tubing, a pressure build-up coil, fill and vent valves and necessary pressure control elements. 

Cryogenic tanks (h) are built up to a volume of 100 m. Their insulation loss amounts to about 1% of the design liquid inventory per day. These low heat losses at storage temperatures of about 4 K are possible due to superinsulation, thermal radiation shields and deep vacuum in the clearances of the double-walled container. The heat radiation shields transport the heat to the pipes in which either nitrogen or helium itself evaporates. A typical layout is shown in Fig. 4.4 [4.2]. 

Double-wall storage tank A double-wali storage tank has an inner wall to contain a liquid, an annulus. space usually filled w ith insulation, and an outer wall for. spill containment. 

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