Liquids graduated cylinders

The graduated cylinder is a piece of glassware used for measuring the volume of a liquid. Graduated cylinders come in various sizes with different degrees of accuracy. 

Liquids and Solids Content. A mud retort is used to determine the liquids and solids content of the drilling fluid. Mud is placed in a steel container and heated until the liquid components have been vaporized. The vapors are passed through a condenser and collected in a graduated cylinder, and the volume of liquids (water and oil) is measured. Solids, both suspended and dissolved, are determined by volume as a difference between mud in container and distillate in graduated cylinder. 

A third technique used a variable density column. The variable density column is obtained by mixing gently a dense liquid, generally bromoform (density = 2.85 g/ cm ) with a light solvent, for example trichlorethane in a graduated cylinder. Calibration density beads are placed in the column for calibration. Shale cuttings are introduced carefully. They float at a level corresponding to their density. 

The device most commonly used to measure volume in general chemistry is the graduated cylinder. A pipet or buret (Figure 1.8) is used when greater accuracy is required. A pipet is calibrated to deliver a fixed volume of liquid—for example, 25.00 mL—when filled to the mark and allowed to drain. Variable volumes can be delivered accurately by a buret, perhaps to 0.01 mL. 

The uncertainty depends on the nature of the measuring device. Eight mL of liquid can be measured with less uncertainty in the 10-mL graduated cylinder than in the 100-mL graduated cylinder. 

A sample of hydrogen chloride gas, HC1, is being collected by bubbling it through liquid benzene into a graduated cylinder. Assume that the molecules pictured as spheres show a representative sample of the mixture of HC1 and benzene vapor ( represents an HCl molecule and O a benzene molecule), (a) Use the figure to determine the mole fractions of HCl and benzene vapor in the gas inside the container, (b) What are the partial pressures of HCl and benzene in the container when the total pressure inside the container is 0.80 atm ... 

C02-0074. Mercury is an unusual metal in that it is a liquid at room temperature. The density of liquid mercury is 13.55 g/mL. The photo shows a sample of mercury in a graduated cylinder. How many atoms of mercury are in the sample ... 

Wash the resulting solid with 10 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol. Measure the ethanol with a graduated cylinder. Pour off the liquid into the waste container. 

The technical term for the study of and the measurement of viscosity is rheology. Viscosity measurements can be made in a variety of ways. The simplest method is to determine the time it takes for a metal ball to fall through a specified distance of a liquid in a graduated cylinder. The American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) specifies several methods for the determination of viscosity of specific substances using this method. When the radius of the ball is small compared to the radius of the graduated cylinder, the viscosity will be... 

The density of an irregularly shaped solid is usually determined by measuring the mass and then measuring the volume of liquid that it displaces. The volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder is measured before the object is submerged and then measured again with the object submerged. The difference in the volume equals the volume of the object. 

To determine the density of a liquid, the mass in grams of a measured volume of liquid in milliliters is determined. The density is calculated from these measurements. The volume may be measured by a variety of devices, such as a graduated cylinder, pipet, or buret. Very precise determinations of volume are measured with pycnometers. These devices hold a specified volume. A cap or stopper with a capillary overflow tube ensures repeatability in the measurement. See Figure 15.15. 

Anhydrous Citric Acid Dissolve 0.8 g in 4 ml DW, add 3 ml HC1 and boil for 1 minute with 1 g granulated zinc. Allow to stand for 2 minutes, decant the liquid into a test-tube containing 0.25 ml phenyl-hydrazine HC1 and heat to boiling. Cool rapdily, transfer to a graduated cylinder, add an equal volume of HC1 and 0.25 ml potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), shake and allow to stand for 30 minutes. Any pink colour produced is not more intense than that produced by treating 4 ml of a 0.01% w/v soln. of oxalic acid at the same time and the same manner (360 ppm, calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid). 

The two particular volumetric apparatus meant to contain a definite volume of liquid are volumetric flasks (also known as measuring or graduated flasks) and measuring cylinders (also known as graduated cylinders) which will be discussed here briefly ... 

Park, Lee, and Popov [136] used a similar technique to determine the liquid permeation in different diffusion layers. Feser, Prasad, and Advani [214] used the same method explained in Section 4.4.S.2 to measure the liquid in-plane permeability of DLs. When water was used, flow was forced from a pressurized tank (0-200 kPa) through the apparatus (and the sample), and the outlet water was then collected with a graduated cylinder. 

A i-inch-diameter marble is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 10 0 ml of water To what level will the liquid rise in the cylinder0... 

The simplest way to determine the density of a liquid is to weigh an empty vessel of known volume and then weigh it again when it is filled with the liquid. An approximate value may be determined with a simple graduated cylinder weighed on a triple-beam balance. Only a crude value can be obtained because the balance can be read only to the nearest 0.1 g and the cylinder only to the nearest 0.1 ml. 

A clean dry 10-ml graduated cylinder weighs 37.6 g empty it weighs 53.2 g when filled to the 7.4 ml mark with an unknown liquid. Calculate the density of the liquid. 

Foamability Foam volume generated under a fixed set of conditions from a fixed amount of liquid. Endpoint can be based on foaming time or maximum sustainable foam volume. Methods to monitor foam volume and express foamability vary. Volume can be determined in a graduated cylinder. Alternatively, foam expansion is calculated by dividing the weight of foam by the weight of solution at constant volume. 

Drip losses, cooking/processing loss, and thaw loss are related to, but different from, expressible moisture. In these measurements, the moisture loss that is measured is the amount lost without the application of any force. Thus, the liquid that is expelled can be collected by carefully pouring off the excess liquid. Placing the food sample in a funnel and collecting the drip in a graduated cylinder is often the easiest way to practically accomplish this task. 

Drip loss is used to measure the natural loss of moisture by a food material. The sample needs to be weighed before and after the drip is removed. The time allowed for drip must be standardized. Alternatively, a graduated cylinder can be used to collect the liquid. Generally, a funnel is used to hold the sample. 

FIGURE 1.6 Among the most common items of laboratory equipment used for measuring liquid volume are (a) a graduated cylinder, a volumetric flask, a syringe, and (b) a buret. 

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