Liquids, FTIR

Film-forming chemical reactions and the chemical composition of the film formed on lithium in nonaqueous aprotic liquid electrolytes are reviewed by Dominey [7], SEI formation on carbon and graphite anodes in liquid electrolytes has been reviewed by Dahn et al. [8], In addition to the evolution of new systems, new techniques have recently been adapted to the study of the electrode surface and the chemical and physical properties of the SEI. The most important of these are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), FTIR, NMR, EPR, calorimetry, DSC, TGA, use of quartz-crystal microbalance (QCMB) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 

Surface forces measurement is a unique tool for surface characterization. It can directly monitor the distance (D) dependence of surface properties, which is difficult to obtain by other techniques. One of the simplest examples is the case of the electric double-layer force. The repulsion observed between charged surfaces describes the counterion distribution in the vicinity of surfaces and is known as the electric double-layer force (repulsion). In a similar manner, we should be able to study various, more complex surface phenomena and obtain new insight into them. Indeed, based on observation by surface forces measurement and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we have found the formation of a novel molecular architecture, an alcohol macrocluster, at the solid-liquid interface. 

FIG. 4 FTIR-ATR spectra of ethanol on a silicon oxide surface in ethanol-cyclohexane binary liquids at various ethanol concentrations 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mol%. 

See footnote cto Table3 LC/PB/MS = hquid chromatography/particle beam mass spectrometry LC/APcl/ESl-MS/MS = liquid chromtography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry LC/FTIR = Fourier transform infrared LC/TSP-MS/MS = liquid chromatography/thermospray tandem mass spectrometry LC/TSP-MS = liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry. 

In addition to standard liquid injection there are many GC accessories which can provide different methods of sample introduction to the column, such as HS, SPE, SFE, TD, TG, Py, etc. Examples of such GC-FTIR devices are TD-GC-FT1R (with a cryostat interface) and PyGC-FTIR. 

Temperature-programmed packed capillary liquid chromatography (TP-CLC), coupled off-line to solvent elimination FTIR (LC Transform ) has recently been used for gradient separations of Irganox 1010/1076/3114 dissolved in DMF with LOD of about 40 ng [511]. Low... 

Worldwide, some 500 LC-FTIR users are registered. A review on the determination of rubber and plastic chemicals by liquid chromatography-spectroscopy has appeared [494]. 

PA-FTIR Photoacoustic Fourier-transform PLE Pressurised liquid extraction... 

The source is usually a temperature-stabilized ceramic filament operating around 1500K. The detector in FTIR is usually a deuterium triglycine sulphate (DTGS) detector, although in RAIRS experiments the liquid nitrogen-cooled mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector is employed. 

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