Liquid storage tanks types

Storage tanks are generally designed based upon the vapor pressure of their contents, and can range from low pressure (API-type) tanks to high pressure tanks for compressed gases or pressurized liquids. 

No particular industrial hazards are encountered in handling liquid alum. However, a face shield and gloves should be worn around leaking equipment. The eyes or skin should be flushed and washed upon contact with liquid alum. Liquid alum becomes very sick upon evaporation and therefore spillage should be avoided. Storage tanks may be open if indoors but must be closed and vented if outdoors. Outdoor tanks should also be heated, if necessary, to keep the temperature above 450F to prevent crystallization. Storage tanks should be constructed of type 316 stainless steel, FRP, steel lined with rubber, polyvinyl chloride, or lead. Liquid alum can be stored indefinitely without deterioration. 

Improved next-generation ODC with a catalyst based on rhodium [6] promises an even more simplified plant concept. This is due to the fact that this type of ODC does not require polarisation during shut-down as an inert cathode is no longer necessary. The plant can simply be put at stand-by where the anode side, as well as the HC1 circuit, remains pressurised under chlorine saturation. Therefore, re-starting the operation is very simple and the chlorine supply is derived directly from the electrolysis and liquid chlorine evaporation is no longer necessary. Instead, with a liquid chlorine buffer, the system can be re-started from the hydrochloric acid storage tank. 

Hortonsphere a spherical pressure-type tank used to store volatile liquids which prevents the excessive evaporation loss that occurs when such products are placed in conventional storage tanks. 

Confined combustion explosions (gaseous or liquid) usually occur when a flammable vapor leaks into an enclosure and mi.xes witli air to form a flaimnable mixture, whereupon this mixture contacts an ignition source tliat was present before the leak occurred. This type of explosion am also occur in storage tanks or sliips where tire vapor space above tlie stored flaimnable liquid (fuel) is in tlie cxplosivity range. In tliis case, an ignition source accidentally introduced will cause an explosion. 

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) characterizes the failure mechanism of a liquid gas container where the major part of the contents are released by flash vaporization and explode while the remainder forms a pool which bums down. Three conditions need to be met (i) the liquid is supeiheated, (ii) a sudden pressure drop occurs, (iii) pressure and temperature conditions are such that flash vaporization is possible. This type of explosion is caused if a storage tank is exposed to a heat source from outside. A tank stmcture weakened by the high temperatures, a high inner pressure, and tensions in the container wall near the gas / liquid boundary layer eventually results in the catastrophic failure, however, merely causing pressure waves. An intact safety valve could delay, but possibly not prevent the vapor explosion [73]. 

Inside Liquid Storage a location inside a building that is segregated by either physical barriers or a distance approved by a Fire Protection Engineer and is used to store any liquid chemical except those that are classified as being low hazard (see definition) a room or building used for the storage of liquids in containers or portable tanks, separated from other types of occupancies. 

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