Liquid-phase polymers

Shkinev VM, Gomolitskii VN, Spivakov BY, et al. 1989. Determination of trace heavy metals in waters by atomic-absorption spectrometry after pre-concentration by liquid-phase polymer-based retention. Talanta 36(8) 861-863. 

When ultrafiltration as a separation method is combined with soluble polymers as reagents, the result is a technique that allows to separate solutes, which do bind or not to the polymer, in the homogenous phase. This process was termed Liquid-phase Polymer-based Retention (LPR). ... 

Liquid-phase Polymer-based Retention (LPR) 1985 Nature 315, 313... 

Following the silver-coating process, a COP thin film is coated on the silver layer by use of a liquid-phase polymer coating technique [14]. In this process, a polymer solution diluted with cyclohexane is used for film deposition. After a small amount of the polymer solution is injected into the capillaries, the tubes are gradually heated to 180 °C for 2 h with a constant flow of nitrogen gas. This process dries the solution that remains on the inside of the tubes. 

Comparison of the results of vapor- and liquid-phase radiolysis shows that the yields of all products from each hydrocarbon are markedly greater in the vapor phase. As in the liquid phase, polymer is the predominant product, accounting for 83-96% of the hydrocarbon consumed. The 100-e.v. yields (G values) of polymer increase with alkyl substitution from 6 for benzene to 8.7 for ethylbenzene the yield in each case is about five to six times that observed in the liquid phase. 

Fig. 5. The rale of removal of dissolved polymer at the boundary layer (dS/dt in cm/s the liquid phase polymer concentration U2,e i. at the rubbery-solvent interface the polymer concentration at the impermeable surface 1)2,si and the location of the rubbery-solvent interface, (S), plotted as a function of time during the dissolution of a rubbery polymer. Theoretical predictions have been adapted from the work of Tu and Ouano [43], using the following parameters Lo = 10 cm Di = 3 X 10 cm /s Rj = 10" cm/s and 02., =0.25. This is a diffusion-limited case...

The technique described above is called liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR) or polyelectrolyte-enhanced UF. Another variant of the separation... 

Water soluble cetylpyridinium chloride modified poly(ethyleneimine) 13 were investigated for the removal of several cations (Cu ", Zn , Cd , Pb ", etc.) and anions (POi CrOl") from water [113]. The polymer can form interaction products with negative ions due to electrostatic bonds and also with metal ions due to complex formation. Other basic polymers such as poly(vinylamine), neutral polymers such as polyalcohols and acidic polymers sueh as poly(aerylic acid) were investigated using the method of Liquid-Phase Polymer-Based Retention for the separation of metal ions from aqueous solution [114]. 

Geckeler, K.E., Bayer, E., Spivakov, B.Y., Shkinev, VM. Vorob Eva, G.A. (1986) Liquid-phase polymer-based retention, a new method for separation and preconcentration of elements. Analytica ChimicaActa, 189, 285-292. 

L. Vigh, Z. Combos, and F. Job Selective modification of cytoplasmic membrane fluidity by catalytic hydrogenation provides evidence on its primary role in chilling susceptibility of Anacystis nidulans, FEBS Lett. 191 (1985) 200-204 E. Bayer, and W. Schumann Liquid phase polymer-based catalysis for stereo- and regio-selective hydrogenation,... 

Industrial oilseeds are viable feedstocks for the preparation of polymeric materials, particularly thermosetting polymers liquid-phase polymers that are cured irreversibly via heat, irradiation, or chemical reactions to form an insoluble polymeric network. Paints, coatings, adhesives, foams, and gels are commonly thermosets. Biobased feedstocks are receiving increasing attentions as replacements for petroleum in the preparation of thermosets and other polymers due to the reduced environmental impact associated with their derivation (no mining involved, approximately neutral in the net production of the greenhouse gas, CO2) and increased cost competitiveness. 

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