Liquid diets

When O Hara published his liquid-diet classic in 1935, New York was a whiskey town, rye whiskey in particular. 

Training and testing sessions were conducted in 10 identical isolated Col bourn operant chambers equipped with two levers mounted on either side of a motor-driven dipper. Reinforcement consisted of 3-second presentations of 0.2 ml Carnation Slender, a commercial liquid diet food, diluted 1 1 with water. Reinforcement contingencies and data recording were performed using a Rockwell AIM 65 microcomputer. 

Patients received refluxogenic liquid diet, that didn t interfere with q,... 

Poultry can be fed liquid diets, provided the appropriate feeders are used. Young birds tend to avoid whey, however, and this product is better used with older birds. Shariatmadari and Forbes (2005) found that starting broilers... 

D6. DiSilvestro, R. A., Blostein-Fujii, A., and Watts, B., Low phytonutrient, semipurified liquid diets depress plasma total antioxidant status in renal dialysis patients. Nutr. Res. 19,1173-1177 (1999). 

There is evidence that liquid diets based on amino-acids (elemental diets) or oKgopeptides for 4-6 weeks are as effective as corticosteroids in controlling Crohn s disease although relapse is common when the treatment stops. Elemental preparations are not particularly palatable and they often have to be administered through a nasogastric tube, which is not popular with patients. They are worth trying in steroid resistant cases, and are particularly favoured by paediatricians who prefer to avoid adrenal steroid because of its adverse effects on growth. 

Total parenteral nutrition (TFN) means supplying all nutrients to a patient through a liquid diet fed intravenously. With TPN, food is not consumed, although one might expect continued sloughing off of enterocytes into the lumen. TPN often is used in the treatment of pancreatic diseases and in the care of very-low -birth-... 

Persons at risk for EFA deficiency tend to be the same as those at risk for vitamin E deficiency. Some signs are shared by both defidencies. Premature infants may be at risk for EFA deficiency because of their low stores of lipids and their rapid growth, especially when they are fed diets that do not contain EFAs. For example, fats have been omitted from diets used to feed preterm infants (to avoid a variety of complications). EFA deficiency may develop later in life with fat malabsorption syndromes, EFA deficiency has presented in adults fed by total parenteral nutrition for longer periods, where EFAs had not been included in the liquid diet. 

The problem of different feeding patterns can be solved by training animals to consume their food over the same period of time. Here, control and experimental rats are trained to consume food in a short interval, for example, 2 hours (Haiper, 1986). Another technique is to use a mechanical food dispenser. The dispenser monitors the amount of food consumed by the experimental animals arrd coincidentally delivers identical quantities of food to the control animals (Sutlie, 1968 Quarter man et ai., 1970). A third method for ensuring equal intake of food with identical feeding patterns is force feeding. In force feeding, a lubricated tube inserted into the animal s mouth and esophagus delivers liquid diet to the stomach. 

Vigorous chewing motions also make the mask come unstuck. The patient should therefore be put on a carbohydrate and protein liquid diet so as to avoid chewing movements. A feeding cup should be used instead of a straw to avoid sucking movements. If the mask comes unstuck before the end of 24 hours, the patient should substitute the Leukoflex occlusion with Vaseline . 

A man goes on a hunger strike and confines himself to a liquid diet with minimal calories. Which of the following would occur after 4 to 5 h ... 

Two studies indicated that the addition of milk to rodent diets increases the total body burden of Hg as well as Hg concentrations in the brain (Landry et al. 1979 Rowland et al. 1984). Landiy et al. (1979) showed a 56% increase in the whole-body retention of Hg in female BALB/c mice fed liquid diets of evaporated whole milk as compared with their standard diet. That increase was attributed to the binding of heavy metals to the milk triglycerides, enhancing gut absorption. Those findings of an increased retention of MeHg with a diet containing evaporated milk were confirmed by Rowland et al. (1984). 

Margarine is a flavoured product containing 80% fat blended with water, and containing vitamins and other ingredients. Initially developed to replace dairy butter, it now appears in a variety of types including regular, whipped, soft-tub, liquid, diet, spreads, low-calorie, bakery and speciality. Today s margarines... 

Ketosis, abnormally high levels of blood ketone bodies, is a situation that arises under some pathological conditions, such as starvation, a diet that is extremely low in carbohydrates (as with the high-protein liquid diets), or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The carbohydrate intake of a diabetic is normal, but the carbohydrates cannot get into the cell to be used as fuel. Thus diabetes amounts to starvation in the midst of plenty. In diabetes the very high concentration of ketone acids in the blood leads to ketoacidosis. The ketone acids are relatively strong acids and therefore readily dissociate to release H+. Under these conditions the blood pH becomes acidic, which can lead to death. 

Neomycin is indicated for the suppression of intestinal bacteria of the bowel as a preoperative prophylaxis for elective colorectal surgery. The treatment begins 3 days prior to surgery with liquid diets with minimum residue, oral capsule of bisacodyl, magnesium sulfate, enema, and repeated oral administration of neomycin and erythromycin (1 gram of each). Neomycin has been used as an adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma by reduction in the ammonia-forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. The subsequent reduction in blood ammonia has resulted in neurologic improvement. Neomycin combined with niacin reduces the cholesterol level. 

Duysen, E. G., Siiiblcy, J. A.. Fry, D. L., Hinricks, S. H, and Lockndge, O. (2C02). Rescue of the acetylcholinesterase knock out mouse by feeding a liquid diet, phenotype of the adult acetylcholinesterase defieicnt mouse. Brain Res. Dev. 137,43-54. 

Viral or bacterial-induced diarrhea is usually transient and requires only a clear liquid diet and increased fluid intake. Antimicrobial therapy may be indicated by the presence of blood in the stool or fecal leukocytes. Intravenous fluids may be required if dehydration occurs. 

Tell the client to stay on a clear liquid diet for the next 24 hours. 

McAnena OJ, <%e JA, Daly JM Alteration of methotrexate metabolic in rats 1 administration of an elemental liquid diet. II. Reduced toxicity and improved survival using cholestyramine. Cancer 9Z7) 59,109I-7. 

Animals were maintained on a modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 4 weeks prior to sacrifice. 

The next operation, to reverse the colostomy, was another fiasco. After a few days there was a discharge of faecal matter from the scar, the wound became infected, and the pain was excruciating, especially after eating. She persistently asked if she could be fed with a drip but the nursing staff insisted she should keep eating. For two weeks she was crying with the pain, really panicking - I just couldn t take it any more. She was finally transferred to another hospital where she was immediately put on a liquid diet. 

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