Intracheal instillation

FIGURE 11 Duration of bronchodilator activity in an animal model Anesthesized guinea pigs received 1 ymol/kg of terbutaline, free or in liposomes, via intracheal instillation at time zei o. Bronchodilator activity was measured as the reduction in histamine-induced airway resistance. Histamine (10 yg/kg) was administered i.v. prior to each resistance measurement, o saline (n = 3) free drug (n = 3) a liposomal drug (n = 4). (Courtesy of Liposome Technology, Inc., Menlo Park, California.)... 

Lam CW, James JT, McCluskey R, Hunter RL (2004). Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nnaotubes in mice 7 and 90 days after intracheal instillation. Toxicol. Sci. 77 126-134. 

Inhalation studies are mostly associated with technical problems of greater complexity than the other type of assay. It is recognized, however, that intracheal instillation may constitute a valid alternative in specific situations. 

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