Lipoprotein lipase activity, effect

Progesterone has little effect on protein metabolism. It stimulates lipoprotein lipase activity and seems to favor fat deposition. The effects on carbohydrate metabolism are more marked. Progesterone increases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose. There is... 

B28. Bengtsson, G., and Olivecrona, T., Lipoprotein lipase Some effects of activator proteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 106, 549-555 (1980). 

Other factors. A cow s hormonal balance can affect the susceptibility of her milk to spontaneous lipolysis (Fredeen et al., 1951 Kastli et al., 1967 Bachman et al., 1988). The oestrus cycle appears to have little effect on spontaneous lipolysis (Fredeen et al, 1951) but may affect lipase activity in the milk (Kelly, 1945). In contrast, treatment of cows with oestradiol and progesterone has been shown to lead to increased lipolysis in the milk (Bachman, 1982 Heo, 1983 Bachmann eta/., 1985) but no change (Bachman, 1982) or a transient increase (Bachmann et al., 1985) in total lipase activity. It appears that the increased lipolysis in milk following hormonal treatment, or in milk from cows with ovarian cysts, may not be typical spontaneous lipolysis as cooling is not needed to initiate it (Bachman, 1982) a lipase other than lipoprotein lipase, possibly a bile salt-stimulated lipase, may be responsible for such lipolysis (Heo, 1983 Bachmann et al., 1985). Treatment of cows with bovine somatotropin has been reported to have no significant effect on milk lipoprotein lipase activity (Azzara et al., 1987). 

Cartier, P., Chilliard, Y., Paquet, D. 1990. Inhibiting and activating effects of skim milks and proteose-peptone fractions on spontaneous lipolysis and purified lipoprotein lipase activity in bovine milk. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 1173-1177. 

Sundheim, G. 1988. Spontaneous lipolysis in bovine milk combined effects of cream, skim milk, and lipoprotein lipase activity. J. Dairy Sci. 71, 620-626. 

Chernick, S. S., Spooner, P. M., Garrison, M. M., and Scow, R. O, (1986). Effect of epinephrine and other lipolytic agents on intracellular iipolysis and lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-LI adipocytes. /. Lipid Res. 27, 286-294. 

Feingold, K. R., Marshall, M., Gulli, R., Moser, A.H., and Gruneeld, C. Effect of endotoxin and cytokines on lipoprotein lipase activity in mice. Arterioscler. Thromh., 1994, 34, 1866-1872. 

Type I—A relatively rare inherited deficiency of either lipoprotein lipase activity or the lipoprotein lipase-activating protein apo C-11. This results in the inability to effectively remove chylomicrons and VLDL triglycerides from the blood. 

The common lipid abnormalities are hypertriglyceridemia in 30-50% of patients, low serum HDL cholesterol in 50-75% (mostly white patients), and hypercholesterolemia in 20% (C5, H3). Hypertriglyceridemia is usually evident when the BUN has exceeded 50 mg% and is caused by decreased lipoprotein lipase activity. Low enzyme activator concentration (low apoCl 1 apoCl 11 ratio), diminished enzyme synthesis due to insulin resistance, a smaller releasable pool of enzyme due to repeated heparinization, and enzyme inhibition by uremic toxins (e.g., spermidine) have all been invoked to explain the decreased lipoprotein lipase activity (C26). Acetate used in the dialysis bath is also claimed to contribute to hypertriglyceridemia through its conversion to acetyl-Co A, but this effect of acetate is probably insignificant (S4). 

PUFAs of co-3 series have many pleiothropic metabolic effects as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-a). It is assumed that the activation of PPAR-a results in decrease of lipogenesis and secretion of a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), further in growth of lipoprotein lipase activity and decrease of apolipoprotein C-III concentration, and on increased reverse transport of cholesterol (Gorton and Anderson, 2000 Olivieri et ah, 2003 Tvrzicka et ah, 2009). 

Pectins and Guar Gum Effect on Plasma Lipoproteins and Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Rats... 

The increase in HDL and total cholesterol in the group fed bran did not seem related to dietary cholesterol. The increase in heart tissue lipoprotein lipase activity indicates an increased peripheral elimination of triglycerides in muscular tissue which is consistent with an elevation in HDL cholesterol. This increase, however, is small compared with changes in lipoprotein lipase activity induced by for instance ethanol (28). It is therefore more probable that the effect of wheat bran on HDL cholesterol is also related to altered rate or site of lipid absorption in the intestine. 

Pritchard, K.A., Jr., Patel, S.T., Kaipen, C.W., Newman, H.A., and Panganamala, R.V. Triglyceride-lowering effect of dietary vitamin E in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Increased lipoprotein lipase activity in livers of diabetic rats fed high dietary vitamin E. 

Ahrne, L. and Bjorck, L. (1985) Effect of lactoperoxidase system on lipoprotein lipase activity in lipolyses in milk. J. Dairy Res. 58(1), 513-520. 

Chen, G., Luo, Y.C., Ji, B.P., Li, B., Guo, Y., Li, Y., Su, W., et al. 2008. Effect of Polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula on Blood Lipid Metabolism and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity of ICR Mice Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet. Journal of Food Science, 73(6), H103-H108. 

In adipose tissue, the effect of the decrease in insulin and increase in glucagon results in inhibition of lipo-genesis, inactivation of lipoprotein lipase, and activation of hormone-sensitive lipase (Chapter 25). This leads to release of increased amounts of glycerol (a substrate for gluconeogenesis in the liver) and free fatty acids, which are used by skeletal muscle and liver as their preferred metabolic fuels, so sparing glucose. 

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