Lipophilic organic compounds

Wame, M., St. J., Connell, D. W., Hawker, D. W. (1990) Prediction of aqueous solubility and the octanol-water partition coefficient for lipophilic organic compounds using molecular descriptors and physicochemical properties. Chemosphere 16, 109-116. 

A variety of synthetic applications of polystyrene-supported quaternary ammonium ions was reported by Regen 124 He was the first to demonstrate the value of low % RS for reactions of lipophilic organic compounds. Many other synthetic applications have been reported, and the reader is directed to other reviews for them 16.39>42.43). 

Trapp, S., K. S. B. Miglioranza, and H. Mosbaek, Sorption of lipophilic organic compounds to wood and implications for their environmental fate , Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1561-1566 (2001). 

In the early reports on SFE by Stahl and cowoikers, extraction rules were developed with pure CO, [38] (1) Hydrocarbons and other typically lipophilic organic compounds of... 

A particularly large dataset has come from the study of cuticle-water partition coefficients determined using batch experiments with isolated cuticles (Kerler and Schonherr, 1988). The cuticle, a lipophilic membrane covering all leaves, is an important storage compartment for lipophilic organic compounds in vegetation. 

This review shows that microemulsions are of interest as media for organic reactions on several accounts. First of all they can be used as a means to overcome reagent incompatibility, which frequently occurs between a lipophilic organic compound and an inorganic salt. Used for this purpose they can be regarded as an alternative to the use of a two-phase system with added phase transfer catalyst. The concept of a micro emulsion medium and phase transfer catalysis can also be combined to give a system of very high reactivity. 

Fractionation of liquids or solids is possible if the constituents of the mixture exhibit large differences in vapor pressure, mass, and polarity. Low molecular weight hydrocarbons and lipophilic organic compounds, such as esters, ethers, and lactones, are easily extractable. 

McKague, A. B., M.-C. Kolar, and K. P. Kringstad. 1989. Nature and properties of some chlorinated, lipophilic, organic compounds in spent liquors from pulp bleaching. 2. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23 1126-1129. 

Wame, M. St.J., D.W. Connell, D.W. Hawker, and G. Schtiurmarm. Prediction of Aqueous Solubility and the Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient for Lipophilic Organic Compounds Using Molecular Descriptors and Physicochemical Properties, Chemosphere, 21(7) 877-888 (1990). 

Lipophilic organic compounds in seawater usually occur at minute concentrations. The high sensitivity of modem analytical instruments would, in principle, permit analyses of the amounts present in small volume water samples. However, contamination of the sample by substances adhering to the surfaces of water samplers or laboratory glassware, by solvents, reagents, gases, etc., becomes a severe problem at ultratrace levels of analytes usually present in seawater. 

The universal detection reagent iodine can be used as 0.5—1% alcoholic spray or dip, but more frequently, the plate is simply placed in a closed jar or tank containing a few iodine crystals in the bottom and saturated with U vapors. The iodine vapor dissolves in, or forms weak charge-transfer complexes with, most lipophilic organic compounds, which show up as dark brown spots on a pale yellow or tan background within a few minutes. After marking or scribing the zones for future reference, exposure of the plate to air causes the iodine to subli-... 

The common approach of all reported studies is the solubilization of the usually water insoluble toxic compound in the oil phase, while the water-soluble active agent is concentrated in the aqueous subphase and the chemical deactivation takes place after transfer through the internal interface (surfactant film). Hence, maao-scopic emulsions and microemulsions both are suitable to overcome the problem of reagent incompatibility which is, for example, commonly known from hydrolysis of lipophilic organic compounds. 

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