Lipid-soluble organic compounds

An acidic, lipid-soluble organic compound with prostaglandin activity was isolated from a Pacific coral. Elemental analysis gave 67.80% C, 9.60% H, and 22.60% O. What is (a) the simplest empirical formula and (b) the minimum MW of the compound ... 

Fish that bioaccumulate poorly degradable, lipid-soluble organic compounds from water will lose them back to water if they are placed in an unpolluted environment. The process by which this occurs is called depuration. The time required to lose half of the bioaccumulated xenobiotic material is called the half-life of the substance. 

Although drug metabolism can occur in various body organs including the lungs, GI tract, liver, and kidneys as well as in the blood, the liver is the primary organ for metabolism. Most drugs are metabolized from lipid-soluble parent compounds to more polar, less lipophilic metabolites that are more readily eliminated renally. ... 

Organic compounds and compound classes differ in their potential to be preserved in sediments and to survive early diagenesis. As a general mle, water-soluble organic compounds, or organic macromolecules, which are easily hydrolyzed to water-soluble monomers, have a low preservation potential. In contrast to this, compounds with a low solubility in water such as lipids and hydrolysis-resistant macromolecules are selectively enriched in the sedimentary organic matter. Table... 

LIPID An organic compound that is insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents, such as alcohol, ether, and acetone. 

All lipid analyses are preceded by isolation of the total lipid material by solvent extraction with a solvent such as CHCI3. As far as seawater and the microlayer are concerned it cannot be stressed too strongly that this method of isolation specifically excludes water-soluble organic compounds from whatever form of organic analysis that follows. The lipid extract is normally then hydrolysed with aqueous acid or base which breaks the ester linkages, releasing the constituents of the combined lipids. Water-soluble components such as glycerol and the phosphoric acid of phospholipids are removed... 

Ionic Material. The kinetics of sorption-desorption processes of the ionic compound with the solid substrates under a variety of environmental conditions should be determined to arrive at the equilibrium concentration of the ionic compound in the free form. Complex/chelate formation of the ionic compound with the anions (organic and inorganic), micro-, and macrosolutes should be investigated to determine the extent of alteration in speciation and their behavior in water. Chelate formation with ligands containing donor atoms such as N, S, and Se, or even Cl in some cases (HgCl2) can modify the hydrophilic ionic compound into a strong lipid-soluble covalent compound. 

Plant resins are lipid-soluble mixtures of volatile and nonvolatile terpenoid and/or phenolic secondary compounds that are usually secreted in specialized structures located either internally or on the surface of the plant. Although terpenoid resins constitute the majority of the resins produced and used, some other important resins are phenolic. Phenolic resin components, which occur on the surfaces of plant organs, have been used particularly in medicines [86]. 

The physicochemical properties of both PCDD/PCDFs and coplanar PCBs enable these compounds to be readily absorbed by organisms. The high lipid solubility and low water solubility of all congeners lead to the retention of the compounds in... 

Therefore, weak organic acids and bases are readily absorbed as uncharged lipid-soluble molecules, whereas ionized compounds are absorbed only with difficulty, and nonionized toxicants with poor lipid-solubility characteristics are absorbed slowly. Lipid-soluble acid molecules can be absorbed efficiently through the gastric mucosa, but bases are not absorbed in the stomach. 

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