Lipid rafts microdomain

At the end of this smvey of protein-lipid interactions, we can draw a schematic picture of a typical membrane protein (e.g., a class 1 membrane protein) whose TM domain is inserted in a lipid raft microdomain (Fig. 6.13). 

Allen JA, Halverson-Tamboli RA, Rasenick MM. Lipid raft microdomains and neurotransmitter signalling. 

The sequence of events that leads extracellular disordered a-synuclein monomers to form highly organized annular channels in fhe plasma membrane of brain cells is summarized in Fig. 10.10. The firsf sfep is the attraction of a-synuclein by lipid rafts microdomains for which fhe protein has a marked preference over more fluid regions of fhe membrane eraiched in phosphatidylcholine. Once boimd to the surface of lipid rafts, the protein will definitively adopt a a-helical structure with a central turn domain containing the SBD. 

Betz J, Bielaszewska M, Thies A, et al. Shiga toxin glycosphingolipid receptors in microvascular and mac-rovascular endothelial cells differential association with membrane lipid raft microdomains. / Lipid Res. 2011 52(4) 618-634. 

Taylor SD, Sanders ME, Tullos NA, et al. The cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae binds to lipid raft microdomains in human corneal epithelial cells. PloS One. 2013 8(4) e61300. Alving CR, Habig WH, Urban KA, Hardegree MC. Cholesterol-dependent tetanolysin damage to liposomes. 

The two partners are the membrane and the infectious protein (e.g., Alzheimer s -amyloid peptide Ap, Parkinson s associated a-synuclein, and HIV-1 gpl20) (Fig. 14.1A-C). Each of these proteins faces a complex membrane formed by a collection of lipids with wide biochemical diversity. Hopefully, among the myriad of brain membrane lipids, the protein generally selects a preferred target, most often located in a lipid raft microdomain. For instance, Ap peptides interact preferentially with ganglioside GMl, and a-synuclein with GM3. ... 

We propose to use the chimeric a-s5m34M5/HH peptide as a competitive inhibitor of the binding of amyloid proteins to lipid raft microdomains of brain cells. As schematized... 

P. Oh and J. E. Schnitzer. Segregation of heterotrimeric G proteins in cell surface microdomains. Gq binds caveolin to concentrate in caveolae, whereas Gi and Gs target lipid rafts by default. Mol. Biol. Cell 12 685-698 (2001). 

Zajchowski, L.D. Robbins, S.M. (2002) Lipid rafts and little caves compartmentalized signalling in membrane microdomains. Eur. J. Biochem. 269, 737-752. 

Ceramide or N-acylsphingosine is a component of microdomains or lipid rafts. These structures serve as platforms for neural cell signaling and events related to signal transduction. Ceramide is generated either by de novo synthesis or by hydrolysis... 

Martens JR, O Connell K, Tamkun M. Targeting of ion channels to membrane microdomains localization of KV channels to lipid rafts. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2004 25 16-21. 

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