Linusic acid

Important polyhydroxy acids are 9,10,12,13-tetrahydroxyocta-decanoic acids, known as sativic acids (several steric isomers exist), which are derived from linoleic acid. Oxidation of linolenic acid analogously produces 9,10,12,13,15,16-hexahydroxyoctadecanoic (linusic) acids. An overview of common hydroxy fatty acids is given in Table 3.6. 

The primary structure of a peptide is its ammo acid sequence We also speak of the secondary structure of a peptide that is the conformational relationship of nearest neighbor ammo acids with respect to each other On the basis of X ray crystallographic studies and careful examination of molecular models Linus Pauling and Robert B Corey of the California Institute of Technology showed that certain peptide conformations were more stable than others Two arrangements the a helix and the (5 sheet, stand out as... 

Sickle-cell anemia is the classic example of an inherited disease that is caused by a change in a protein s amino acid sequence. Linus Pauling proposed in 1949 that it was caused by a defect in the hemoglobin molecule he thus coined the term molecular disease. Seven years later Vernon Ingram showed that the disease was caused by a single mutation, a change in residue 6 of the P chain of hemoglobin from Glu to Val. 

INTERATOMIC DISTANCES AND BOND CHARACTER IN THE OXYGEN ACIDS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES By Linus Pauling... 

Now the use of molecular psychiatry of ascorbic acid in schizophrenia by Linus Pauling and others, where there seems to be some relationship to dopamine neurons, and finding that dopamine-dopaminergie neurons or receptors are present in twice the normal amount, makes this an intriguing... 

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is probably the most known vitamin in the world. Its legendary fame is based on the two events its exceptionally important role in the treatment of scurvy and Linus Pauling s proposal to use the huge doses of ascorbic acid for the prevention of common cold. The latter proposal, based obviously on the antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid, generated numerous studies and was frequently disputed, but many people (me including) successfully apply ascorbic acid for the treatment of starting stage of common cold. 

When Linus Pauling and Robert Corey carried out their pioneering X-ray crystallographic studies on a number of amino acids and dipeptides in the 1930s and 1940s, they... 

As noted, vitamin C is needed for the production of collagen in the body, but it is also essential in the production of certain hormones such as dopamine and adrenaline. Ascorbic acid is also essential in the metabolism of some amino acids. It helps protect cells from free radical damage, helps iron absorption, and is essential for many metabolic processes. The dietary need of vitamin C is not clearly established, but the U.S. National Academy of Science has established a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 60 mg per day. Some groups and individuals, notably Linus Pauling in the 1980s, recommend dosages as high as... 

Linus Pauling and Robert Corey examined the structures of crystals formed by amino acids and short peptides before they ventured into the world of proteins. From their crystallographic investigations of amino acids and peptides, they formulated two rules that describe the ways in which amino acids and peptides interact with one another to form nonco-valently bonded crystalline structures. These rules laid the foundations for our understanding of how amino acids in protein polypeptide chains interact with one another. 

Because Franklin and Wilkins were hardly speaking to each other, Franklin left King s College in 1953 for Birkbeck College, also in London, where she finished her DNA work and became head of the team studying tobacco mosaic virus. Franklin died of ovarian cancer on April 16, 1958, at the age of 37. see also Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Double Helix Pauling, Linus Watson, James Dewey. 

Inside that bottle sloshed five gallons of concentrated nitric acid. If it spilled, it would eat away the carpet and floor of the train car. It would dissolve the shoes and socks and skin on the feet of the passengers. It would get the young boy, Linus Pauling, into a great deal of trouble. But he was careful and made certain the bottle stayed upright. This was, after all, not the first time he had smuggled chemicals. 

Everything went into his homemade laboratory, a basement corner he had walled off with scrap lumber. Linus had been obsessed with chemistry ever since his best friend, Lloyd Jeffress, had demonstrated some reactions with a toy chemistry set a year earlier. Linus always remembered one trick his friend had done, in which he mixed some sugar and another chemical together, added a drop of acid—and the sugar burst into flame. At the same moment, so did... 

Using some of his father s old books, chemistry texts from the library, and ideas he picked up in his high school classes, Linus figured out for himself how to make homemade explosives mixtures of potassium chlorate and sulfur that went off when a trolley car ran over them (the company sent a man to Linus s house to put a stop to it) and an unstable iodide of nitrogen that popped loudly when disturbed—a sort of junior-grade nitroglycerine that proved very popular at school. Acid spills ruined his pants and ate the ends off brooms. He once set fire to the wooden walls with molten phosphorus. 

Until the early 1950s, most scientists, including Linus Pauling, believed that protein—not nucleic acid—was the stuff that genes were made of. It took a kitchen blender to convince them otherwise. 

Instruction. Before the mechanism for generating antibody diversity had been established, a mechanism based on protein folding around an antigen was proposed, primarily by Linus Pauling. In this model, antibodies that had different specificities had the same amino acid sequence but were folded in different ways. Propose a test of this model. 

In order to imderstand tertiary and quaternary structure, we need to explore briefly the secondary structural possibilities of protein molecules. The a-helix was predicted in 1951 by Linus Pauling. The peptide chain forms a compact core with the residues pointing outwards. The pitch is formed by 3.6 amino acid residues, with a helical period of 5.4 A. The structure is stabilised by a very-effective network of hydrogen bonds. 

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