Linen straw

Linen straw is finely-woven or braided straw that is finished or treated to imitate fine linen fabric. Fine decorative patterns have been made of straw applied to wood or fabric, and then coated with lacquer or resin. This art is practiced today in Russia, Belarus, and parts of Eastern Europe (see Figure 4.8). 

The Southside, a gin lemonade that is baptismal-font water to the traditional East Coast society set, is most typically a spring and summer refreshment, but as Bruce Snyder, the restaurant manager at the 2f Club, which did business with me, observed, The spigot never shuts. That means, according to Mr. Snyder s thirty-six years of experience with his clientele, you retire the white shoes, straw hats, linen and seersucker on Labor Day, but the Southside sails on through, brisk autumn seas ahead. Dark rum, substituting occasionally for gin, relieves any boredom. 

Raw materials for the pulp and paper industry can be classified as fibrous and non-fibrous. Wood accounts for over 95 percent of the fibrous raw material (other than waste paper) in the United States. Cotton and linen rags, cotton linters, cereal straws, esparto, hemp, jute, flax, bagasse, and bamboo also are used and in some countries are the major source of papermaking fiber. 

In aqueous solution sodium hypochlorite finds technical application in the bleaching of paper, linen, cotton, and straw. In direct sunlight, concentrated solutions rapidly lose their activity. Storage in colourless bottles accelerates the rate of decomposition, and in brown bottles retards it. The stability of the solutions is much increased by complete exclusion of light.8... 

The image on the Shroud of Turin is a straw color that penetrates only one or two microfibrils or about 125 xm of the linen. When one is close... 

USE In mfg sulfuric acid, carbon disulfide, sulfites, insec -ticides, plastics, enamels, metal -glass cements in vulcanizing rubber in syntheses of dyes in making gunpowder, matches for bleaching wood pulp, straw, wool, silk, felt, linen. Caution May cause irritation of skin, mucous membranes. 

Ninety-nine percent of all papers are produced from cellulose fibers. Ninety-nine percent of the cellulose papers, in turn, are made from wood chips. The remaining paper is made from straw, cotton, linen, bamboo, and sugar canes. Papyrus, which actually gave paper its name, is no longer used by paper manufacturers. 

Anthony W (2002) Separation of fiber from seed flax straw. Appl Eng Agric 18(2) 227-233 ASTM International (2005a) ASTM standard terminology relating to flax and linen (D6798), Annual Book of Standards, Section 7.02, Textiles. ASTM Intemational, West Conshohocken, PA... 

Oelke E, Johnson S, Ehrhardt P, Comstock V (1987) From flax straw to linen fibw. Minnesota... 

Flax and hemp straw due to the specific structure of fibre finds its application mainly through the traditional flax spinning method. Linen and hemp textiles are usually thicker than cotton, wool or chemical fibres. Traditional flax spinning technology is highly labour intensive, inefficient and uneconomical. 

Staining a surface, either chemically or optically, helps differentiate parts of a composite surface and identify the various phases. A variety of stains are available for diverse surfaces. Mineral sections can be etched with hydrofluoric acid then stained with Na3Co(N02)e to differentiate quartz (unetched), feldspars (etched but unstained), and potassium feldspars (etched and stained yellow). Paper surfaces can be stained with Harzberg stain (Calkin, 1934) to differentiate lignified cellulose e.g., straw, manilla, and mechanical wood pulp [yellow or yellow green]) from purified cellulose e.g., chemical wood pulp, bleached straw, or manilla [blue or blue violet]) or pure cellulose e.g., cotton or linen [wine red]). Isings (1961) selectively stains unsaturated elastomers with osmium tetroxide. 

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