Lignins graphitic materials

Carbon black pigments, 19 409-410 Carbon blacks, 10 713 11 316-317 as graphite filler materials, 12 724 production of, 19 385 Carbon—carbon bond cleavage, in lignin, 15 6... 

The controlled heating of polyacrylonitrile fibers under tension also causes an elimination of nitrogenous products to leave a carbon fiber of high tensile strength that can be considered as the end product of the line of chemical elimination reactions. Carbon fibers from cellulosic materials, lignin, and various interpolymers and blends have been developed. The structures of these products consist largely of three-dimensional carbon networks, partially crystalline and partially graphitic or amorphous. 

It is reasonable to expect that lignins should be good precursors to graphitic structures, given their high contents of aromatic moieties. Two t)q)es of such materials have been pursued in this field, as briefly reviewed below, with particular err5>hasis on recent advances. 

Subsequently the wood material was subjected to a bleach pretreatment with sodium chlorite (NaQ02) to remove lignins, resins, waxes. In case of very small samples or poorly preserved fragments the temperature and the time of each step was individually match. In the next stages of samples preparation to dating the combustion in vacuum to obtain carbon dioxide from organic material and reduction were used. Finally, graphite with iron was pressed to form a cathode ready for AMS measurement. 

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