Light scattering apparatus

Fig. 42.—-Diagram of the light-scattering apparatus designed by Zimm. ...

Fig. 7.18 (continued) (c) Light scattering apparatus used to detect polymer-polymer demixing 1 - HeNe laser, 2 - sapphire window, 3 - polymer film, 4 - photodiode array, 5 - copper block, 6 - resistance thermometer, 7 - temperature controlled jacket, (Reproduced with permission from Zywocinski, A., et al. J. Polymer Sci. Polym. Phys. 33, 595 (1995))... 

Figure 2. General layout of a light scattering apparatus. Light emitted from a light source impinges on a sample located in a cylindrical cell, and one can adjust the position of the photomultiplier (here shown at 90° relative to the transmitted light beam) along an arc centered at the midpoint of the sample cell.

Spectrofluorimeters as Light-Scattering Apparatus Application to Polymers Molecular Weight Determination 122... 

The light-scattering apparatus and procedure have been formerly described (15). The only modification and precaution with polybutadienes were to use the appropriate refractive index differential for each polymer as this was observed to decrease with vinyl content values used were 0.118, 0.112, and 0.106 dl/gram for 2, 10, and 20% vinyl polybutadienes in cyclohexane at 25 °C and 546 m//,. 

The static laser light scattering apparatus used as an on-line GPC detector has been popular for a while. Here, we illustrate another but less known method of combining the results from (gel permeation chromatography) and DLS. The basic principle is as follows There is a similarity between these two tools in that the translational diffusion coefficient D obtained by DLS and the elution volume V in GPC are related to the hydrodynamic size of a given macromolecule. In a first approximation, if the hydrodynamic size is proportional to the molar mass, we have... 

Figure 6. Light scattering apparatus for nucleation kinetics...

Since the accuracy of the light scattering apparatus and the reliability of the inversion procedure had been proven by comparison of four methods on Dow polystyrene latex LS-1028-E (6), it was decided to examine a larger latex in more detail as a further study of the method of determining the internal structure of a latex by wide-angle light scattering. 

The principal sponsor of the work was the Union Carbide Corporation. The light scattering apparatus and laboratory has been assembled with support from the National Science Foundation and the computations were carried out with a grant of computer time from the University Computing Center. 

FIGURE 12-44 Schematic diagram of an instrument that couples SEC with a light scattering apparatus. 

Figure 16.16 Basic construction of light-scattering apparatus.

Fig. 7.1. Schematic view of the light-scattering apparatus 1, stainless steel vessel 2, inlet for thennostatting fluid 3, windows to illuminate the film 4, film 5, ground glass frame 6, glass vessel with soap solution 7, mechanism to move vessel up and down 8, tumable part of the cover 9, tube 10, photomultiplier 11, prism 12, concentric grooves filled with high-viscosity paraffinic oil 13, concentric rims. (From Ref. 138, courtesy of American Institute of Physics.)...

For the thermostatting of the light-scattering apparatus, see Section VI.A.l. The resulting long-term temperature stability inside the apparatus is 0.002°C. 

To conclude this section, we remark that the whole optical system, including the laser and light-scattering apparatus, is placed on a vibration isolation system to eliminate exterior vibrations. 

FIGURE 26.6 Nanoparticle morphology. Malvern 4700 dynamic light-scattering apparatus average particle size analyzed by SEM and light scattering. 

Epoxide values were determined by a well established poten-tiometric titrimetric method using perchloric acid in acetic acid (3). Weight average molecular weights were measured in a SOFICA light scattering apparatus in diglyme. 

Y. Xiong and E. Kiran, High-pressure light scattering apparatus to study pressure-induced phase separation in polymer solutions. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 69, 1463-1471 (1998). 

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