Microscopy light phase contrast

Figure 3. Light microscopy phase contrast polymer domains chlorobutyl / polypropylene / neoprene blend (CIIR/PP/CR).

Figure 4. Light microscopy phase contrast nylon/EP blends.

The resulting freshly isolated microvessel suspension proves to be mainly composed of capillaries as assessed by light and phase-contrast microscopy. 

Optical microscopy Phase contrast microscopy Polarized light microscopy Scanning electron microscopy Scanning ion conductance microscope Scanning probe microscopy Scanning thermal profiler... 

Transmitted light microscopy permits assessment of the polymer matrix as well as the fiber orientation. Polished thin sections can be used for bright field, polarized light, and phase contrast microscopy, as shown for a glass fiber reinforced polyamide (Fig. 5.95). In bright field (Fig. 5.95A), in a section cut perpendicular to... 

Light microscopy allows, in comparison to other microscopic methods, quick, contact-free and non-destmctive access to the stmctures of materials, their surfaces and to dimensions and details of objects in the lateral size range down to about 0.2 pm. A variety of microscopes with different imaging and illumination systems has been constmcted and is conunercially available in order to satisfy special requirements. These include stereo, darkfield, polarization, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopes. 

Figure 5.19 Vesicle-encapsulated microtubes in bolaamphiphiles with oligoglycine head groups (33) observed using phase contrast light microscopy (a, b) in water at 25°C and (c) after vacuum drying. Reprinted from Ref. 53 with permission of Wiley-VCH.

Reflected light Microscopy can be used for examining the texture of solid opaque polymers. Materials which can be prepared as thin films are generally examined by transmitted light. Two common techniques used are (i) polarised-light Microscopy, and (ii) phase contrast Microscopy. 

Jhe theoretical lower limit of resolution of the light microscope is about 0.2 micron—i.e., 2000 A. This figure can be reduced in favorable circumstances by using phase-contrast or interference microscopy. Ultraviolet microscopy of coal was attempted at the Division of Coal Research, but without success owing to the opacity of coal to ultraviolet radiation. Vigorous attempts are being made to develop x-ray microscopy, and its limit of resolution is already an order better than that of the light microscope. 

Microscopy. This is a powerful tool for studying visually the distribution of the two phases in the polyblend. One can tell not only the domain size of the dispersed phase but also which polymer forms the dispersed phase from refractive index. A phase contrast light microscope can detect heterogeneity at the 0.2-10 /x level. If the sample can be stained preferentially and sectioned with microtome, then under favorable conditions electron microscopy can show heterogeneity to a very fine scale. In a study of PVC-poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) blend,... 

Optical microscopy (OM) Reflection Transmission Phase contrast Polarized light... 

In phase-contrast microscopy, the light microscope is adapted to alter the phase of the light waves to produce an image in which the degree of brightness of a region of the specimen depends on its refractive index. 

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