General Examination

The order of exposure to different doses was either a mixed or an ascending sequence. The drug vehicle was generally examined immediately before or after the series of doses. 

Reflected light Microscopy can be used for examining the texture of solid opaque polymers. Materials which can be prepared as thin films are generally examined by transmitted light. Two common techniques used are (i) polarised-light Microscopy, and (ii) phase contrast Microscopy. 

The anion as is to be expected in the case of a negatively charged colloid evidently exerts but little effect. The sol-gel transition is generally examined by means of observation of the change in viscosity of the solution. The changes in viscosity as measured by the flow method in an Ostwald or similar apparatus differ as a rule... 

Solids are generally examined as a mull or in a pressed alkali halide disc (usually potassium bromide). For mulls, Nujol (a high boiling fraction of pet-... 

A number of studies have been reported on complexes of bpy derivatives containing hydrocarbon chains, esters or amides in the 4,4 -positions (in some cases, only mixed complexes with bpy were studied). These somewhat hydrophobic compounds were generally examined in terms of energy transfer. While it is difficult to compare results... 

Solids are generally examined either as thin fihns or as dispersions in either liquids or solids, since finely packed solids scatter infra-red radiation. 

Free-hand Sectioning.—Free-hand sections are usually satisfactory for the general examination of roots, stems, leaves, barks and many fruits and seeds. Material which is fresh may be sectioned at once, but dry material should be well soaked in warm water before using. Very hard material like heartwoods, the shells of nuts and seeds, may be softened in solution of caustic potash or ammonia water and then washed free of alkali before sectioning. 

Solid-catalyzed reactions are generally examined in continuous-flow reactors, while homogeneously catalyzed reactions (including reactions catalyzed by non-immobilized biocatalysts) are usually studied in batch reactors. An important difference between chemical catalysis and biocatalysis is that it is relatively easy to study the biocatalyst either as a homogeneous or a heterogeneous catalyst, as desired. 

The state of matters just described in the case of helium, viz. the -absence of the H/S-term, the expected ground state of the orthohelium term sequence, suggestedto Pauli (1925) a general examination of spectra, to see whether, in other elements and under other conditions, definite terms sometimes drop out. It was found that this actually happens moreover, the term analysis showed in all cases that in these missing terms all the quantum numbers of the electrons agreed. Conversely, it was also found, the terms always drop out when these quantum numbers are the same. This discovery led Pauli to the following principle ... 

Rather than dealing with the extensive quantity of the total number of moles of material under consideration, it is convenient to consider an intensive quantity, say the number of moles per unit of volume. For this reason rates are generally examined as changes in concentration per unit of time. The concentration can be expressed in a number of ways, of which the most common are ... 

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