Light, energy associated with

The energy associated with the absorbed light quanta is proportional to the frequency v and is given by the following equation ... 

The unsaturated structure of the diene hydrocarbon rubbers makes them susceptible to attack by both oxygen and ozone. Oxidative degradation of all rubbers, irrespective of their structures, is inevitable as the energy associated with incident natural light is approximately three times that of a typical carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bond. 

We define the energy associated with a certain frequency of light by the equation ... 

Explain briefly the phenomenon of light absorption in terms of the energy associated with light and in terms of electrons and the energy levels in atoms and molecules. 

We can readily tell that light is a form of energy by staying out in the sun for too long a time. Elegant experiments by Einstein and others clearly showed that the energy associated with light was directly proportional to the frequency of the radiation ... 

The energy associated with one photon of visible light ranges from 2.4 to 5.0x10 J. The band gap in selenium is 2.9x10 J. Explain why selenium is a good material to use as a photoconductor in applications such as photocopiers. 

The chemical properties of an element are functions of the number and distribution of its electrons around the nucleus. In 1913, Niels Bohr devised a model for the atom that successfully explained why atomic spectra consist of discrete lines, not only in X-rays, as discussed above, but also in visible light. Building on the ideas of quantum mechanics, he postulated that the angular momentum of an orbiting electron can only have certain fixed values. If so, then the orbital energy associated with any electron cannot vary continuously, but can only have discrete quantum values. He described a series of spherical shells at fixed... 

Hie intensity of incident flux from light sources is in general defined in terms of power, i.e. watt per unit cross-section (watt => J s 1). Since power is energy per unit time and each photon has energy associated with it, intensity 7 can be expressed in number of quanta m-2 s-1. We have, E = nhtc and... 

Light also behaves as though it were composed of energetic particles The amount of energy, , associated with these particles (or photons) is given by Equation 5.2. 

The energy-dependent speed of light is associated with the effect of the medium on the propagation of photon. The fluctuating refractive index of the medium induces this kind of the energy dependence. This kind of the medium has been considered, such as quantum gravity and the Maxwell vacuum with nonzero conductivity. So, it to make distinction between the contributions from standard model predictions as well as from other theories is needed. 

The energy associated with UV light is in competence with the chemical bond energies associated with any two atoms [104]. Hence, UV radiation often has the potential for retention of the properties of monomers and polymers while the other surface grafting techniques, which use ionisation radiation, cause damage to the substrate polymer due to excessive degradation. 

Sample Calculate the amount of energy associated with a photon of light with a frequency of 6.23 X 1014 s 1. 

The function used to calculate the deformation energy associated with stretching or contracting a bond is given in Eq. 3.6. A first approximation to the force constant, kb, can be calculated from the fundamental vibration frequency, v, of the X-Y bond, taken from the infrared spectrum of a representative compound by using Eq. 3.34, where c is the speed of light and p is the reduced mass of the two atoms involved in the bond. 

---