Light Curve Profiles

Figure 5.5. Profile of dimensionless concentration of A versus dimensionless time for n = 2 and n = 1 (light curve). Here Cao = 15.

Analyze the samples on the flow cytometer. (See Chapter 36, Fig. 2, for normal light-scatter profiles.) When the fluorescence gain is properly adjusted, the unstimulated control cells (shaded curve. Fig. 2) should be visible on scale with the PMA-stimulated cells (open curves. Fig. 2). PMA (1-100 ng/mL) should stimulate a dose-dependent (graded) response. All normal granulocytes should exhibit an oxidative metabolic response to PMA (see Note 2). 

Fig. 1.40 Spectral profiles of the frequency up-converted light. Curve A is the spectrum obteiined by applying near-infrtired light with a wavelength of 805 nm. Curve B is the conventional fluorescence spectrum...

In recent years, high-resolution x-ray diffraction has become a powerful method for studying layered strnctnres, films, interfaces, and surfaces. X-ray reflectivity involves the measurement of the angnlar dependence of the intensity of the x-ray beam reflected by planar interfaces. If there are multiple interfaces, interference between the reflected x-rays at the interfaces prodnces a series of minima and maxima, which allow determination of the thickness of the film. More detailed information about the film can be obtained by fitting the reflectivity curve to a model of the electron density profile. Usually, x-ray reflectivity scans are performed with a synchrotron light source. As with ellipsometry, x-ray reflectivity provides good vertical resolution [14,20] but poor lateral resolution, which is limited by the size of the probing beam, usually several tens of micrometers. 

The force-distance profiles Al, A2 appear to show the relaxed, or quasi-equilibrium limit for the interaction between the mica plates bearing the PEO in the good solvent conditions of the present study. The adsorbed layer thicknesses 6 are then about half the value of D at which onset of repulsion (A curves) is first noted. 6 thus corresponds to some 3Rg for both polymers in the present investigation, a value comparable to that obtained for hydrodynamic layer thickness of PEO absorbed on latex particles in water, for similar molecular weights, from light scattering studies. 

The typical profile of a CL transient signal (a plot of CL intensity vs. time) is a kinetic response curve that corresponds to a first-order sequence of two consecutive steps, namely (1) generation of the light-emitting product by mixing of the chemical ingredients (the substrate and oxidant), and (2) formation of the end product (Fig. 2). The rate at which each step takes place depends on the formation... 

As expected, an increase of the light intensity leads to both sharper temperature profiles and higher values of the maximum temperature. A linear relationship was found to exist between the rate at which the temperature rises and the rate of polymerization (Rp)max (Figure 9, curve a). Therefore, the speed of the... 

An important quantity that can be deduced from the reaction profile is the rate of the cross-linking polymerization (Rp), i.e., the number of double bonds polymerized or of cross-links formed per second. Rp values were determined from the maximum slope of the kinetic curves (usually reached for conversion degrees between 20 and 40%). Table I summarizes the Rp values for the two photoresists tested under various conditions, namely conventional UV and continuous or pulsed laser irradiation at different light intensities. According to these kinetic data, Rp increases almost as fast as the light-intensity the ratio Io/Rp which is directly related to the product of the light-intensity and the required exposure time was found to vary only in the range 10-8 to... 

Fig. 37. Band edge profile of a (In,Mn)As/GaSb heterostmcture. Eq. E. and Ep denote band edges of conduction band, valence band, and Fermi level, respectively, (b) Temperature dependence of the magnetization observed during cooldown in the dark (open circles) and warmup (solid circles) under a fixed magnetic field of 0.02 T. The effect of light irradiation at 5 K is also shown by an arrow, (c) Magnetization curves at 5 K observed before (open circles) and after (solid circles) light irradiation. Solid line shows a theoretical curve, (d) Hall resistivity />Hall observed at 5 K before (dashed line) and after (solid line) light irradiation (Koshihara...

Results. Figure 5.6 compares the classical and quantum profiles of the spectral function, VG (o), of He-Ar pairs at 295 K (light and heavy solid curves, respectively), over a wide frequency band. Whereas at the lowest frequencies the profiles are quite similar, at the higher frequencies we observe increasing differences which amount up to an order of magnitude. The induced dipole [278] and the potential function [12] are the same for both computations. Bound state contributions have been suppressed we have seen above that for He-Ar at 295 K, the spectroscopic effects involving van der Waals molecules amount to only 2% at the lowest frequencies, and to much less than that at higher frequencies. 

The computed profiles are shown in Figs. 6.11 and 6.12. The various components labeled XL = 01, 21, 23, and 45 are sketched lightly. Their sum is given by the heavy curve marked total. The spectra consist of a broad, purely translational part that is dominated at the low frequencies by the isotropic component (XL = 01). Other, generally smaller contributions are noticable, the most significant of which is the quadrupole-induced component (XL = 23) which shapes the rotational, induced lines, So(J) with J = 0,1,..., of H2 this component arises from a dipole component... 

Figure 7.32 Kinetics of luminescence of pyrene following laser flash excitation. L, laser pulse profile M, monomer emission, E, excimer emission rise and decay. Horizontal axis, time in ns vertical axis, light intensity in arbitrary units. The three kinetic curves are normalized to a common maximum...

When two fluid interfaces have a high radius of curvature, such as in the pseudoemulsion film, the distance between the interference patterns is too small to be measured by common reflected light interferometry. In this case, differential interferometry can be used for imaging the interface profile [40-45]. (Another technique for studying curved films is the controlled drop tensiometer, as was shown in section 2.)... 

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