Ligands oncogenes

RET is a human protoonco ne which encodes the RET receptor. There are two forms of receptors with tyrosinekinase activity. They are orphan receptors with unknown ligands. Oncogenic variants are found which are constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosines and form homo-and heterodimers. These variants have been found in endocrine disorders, MEN, and in Hirschsprung s disease. 

Park, S. Sanchez, M.P. The Eek receptor, a member of the Eph family of tyrosine protein kinases, can be activated by three different Eph family ligands. Oncogene, 14, 533-542 (1997)... 

Luker, K. E., Steele, J. M., Mihalko, L. A., Ray, P., Luker, G. D. (2010). Constitutive and chemokine-dependent internalization and recycling of CXCR7 in breast cancer cells to degrade chemokine ligands. Oncogene, 29, 4599-4610. 

In addition to the receptors mentioned in A, the family of steroid receptors also includes the product of the oncogene erb-A (see p. 398), the receptor for the environmental toxin dioxin, and other proteins for which a distinct hormone ligand has not been identified (known as orphan receptors ). Several steroid receptors—e. g., the retinoic acid receptor-form functional heterodimers with orphan receptors. 

Receptors for lipophilic hormones mediate the effects of steroid hormones and related signaling substances. They regulate the transcription of specific genes (see p. 378). The products of several oncogenes (e.g., erbA) belong to this superfamily of ligand-controlled transcription factors. 

Delmas D, Rebe C, Micheau O, Athias A, Gambert P, Grazide S, Laurent G, Latruffe N, Solary E. 2004. Redistribution of CD95, DR4 and DR5 in rafts accounts for the synergistic toxicity of resveratrol and death receptor ligands in colon carcinoma cells. Oncogene 23 8979-8986. 

Matsuda, S., Kadowaski, Y., Ichino, M., Akiyama, T., Toyoshima, K., and Yamamoto, T. 1993. 17/3-Estradiol mimics ligand activity of c-erbB2 proto-oncogene product. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 10803-10807. 

In recent years, as interest in the properties of biological membranes has increased, researchers have used lectins to study the role of the binding of multivalent ligands to the plasms membrane in the induction of specific biological responses. This report will detail the use of lectins to study the structure of the carbohydrate moiety of lymphocyte surface bound H-2 glycoproteins. Furthermore, it will describe a novel lectin-induced perturbation of the metabolism of in vitro cultured fibroblasts which results in the massive accumulation of lysosomes in these cells. This response is greatly reduced in cells which have been transformed by oncogenic viruses. 

Dodelet, V. C., and Pasquale, E. B. (2000). Eph receptors and ephrin ligands Embryo-genesis to tumorigenesis. Oncogene 19, 5614—5619. 

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