Multivalent ligands

Hlavacek WS, Percus JK, Percus OE et al (2002) Retention of antigen on follicular dendritic cells and Blymphocytes through complement-mediated multivalent ligand-receptor interactions theory and application to HIV treatment. Math Biosci 176 185-202... 

L. L. Kiessling, J. E. Gestwicki, and L. E. Strong, Synthetic multivalent ligands as probes of signal transduction, Angew. Chem. Inter. Edit. Eng.,45 (2006) 2348-2368. 

Thiourea Linkages. Attachment of saccharide units to the surface of PAMAM through thiourea linkages offers one of the most efficient ways to develop multivalent ligands quickly and efficiently for the study of protein-carbohydrate interactions. 

M. Mammen, S.-K. Choi, and G. M. Whitesides, Polyvalent interactions in biological systems Implications for design and use of multivalent ligands and inhibitors, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 37 (1998) 2754—2794. 

S. Kotter, U. Krallman-Wenzel, S. Ehlers, and T. B. Lindhorst, Multivalent ligands for the mannose-specific lectin on type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli Syntheses and testing of trivalent y-D-mannoside clusters, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 1 (1998) 2193-2200. 

Z. Zhang, J. C. Pickens, W. G. J. Hoi, and E. Fan, Solution- and solid-phase syntheses of guanidine-bridged, water-soluble linkers for multivalent ligand design, Org. Lett., 6 (2004) 1377-1380. 

For the alternative multi-bonded case, the multivalent ligands may be considered to contribute m additional pi-bonding electrons, where... 

Recent developments are pushing towards elucidating complex binding phenomenon between clustered carbohydrate epitopes and multivalent lectins. Ligand valency often results in aggregation, and the kinetic of the process may complicate the ITC measurements.86 For polymers presenting multiple carbohydrate epitopes, such as mucins, it has been proposed that the enhanced affinity observed for these interactions are due to internal diffusion of lectin molecules from epitope to epitope in these multivalent ligands before dissociation.87,88... 

Gestwicki JE, Cairo CW, Strong LE, Oetjen KA, Kiessling LL. Influencing receptor-ligand binding mechanisms with multivalent ligand architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2002 124 14922-14933. 

A. De Lean, P. J. Munson, D. Rodbard (1979). Multivalent ligand binding to multisubsite receptors application to hormone-receptor interactions. Mol. Pharmacol. 15 60-70. 

Multivalent Ligand-Receptor Interactions on Planar Supported Membranes... 

MULTIVALENT LIGAND-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS ON PLANAR SUPPORTED MEMBRANES 101... 

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