Ligands, nature

Bosanac I et al (2002) Structure of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor binding core in complex with its ligand. Nature 420 696-701... 

White, S., J.W. Szewczyk, J.M. Turner, E.E. Baird, and P.B. Dervan. Recognition of the four Watson-Crick base pairs in the DNA minor groove by synthetic ligands. Nature 1998, 393, 468-471. 

Kong YY, Feige U, Sarosi I, et al. Activated T cells regulate bone loss and joint destruction in adjuvant arthritis through osteoprotegerin ligand. Nature 1999 402(6759) 304-309. 

Grewel, I.S., Xu, J. and Flavell, R.A. (1995) Impairment of antigen-specific T cell priming in mice lacking CD40 ligand. Nature 378, 617-620. 

Noskov, S.Y. Berneche, S. Roux, B., Control of ion selectivity in potassium channels by electrostatic and dynamic properties of carbonyl ligands, Nature 2001,431, 830-834. 

A common feature of catalysts based on 4 and 5f block elements is that of being able to polymerize both butadiene and isoprene to highly cistactic polymers, independently of the ligands involved. Butadiene, in particular, can reach a cistacticity as high as 99% with uranium based catalysts (3) and cistacticity of > 98% with neodymium based catalysts (4). This high tacticity does not change with the ligand nature (Fig. 1) in contrast to conventional catalysts based on 3-d block elements. A second feature of f-block catalysts is that the cis content of polymer is scarcely... 

Giordano RJ, Card6-Viia M, Lahden-ranta J et al. Biopanning and rapid analysis of selective interactive ligands. Nature Med 2001 7 1249-1253. 

Pasqualini R, Koivunen E, Ruoslahti E. Alpha v integrins as receptors for tumor targeting by circulating ligands. Nature Biotechnol 1997 15 542-546. 

P. I. Kitov, J. M. Sadowska, G. Mulvey, G. D. Armstrong, H. Ling, N. Pannu, R. J. Read, and D. R. Bundle, Shiga-like toxins are neutralized by tailored multivalent carbohydrate ligands, Nature, 403 (2000) 669-672. 

Titrations are veiy powerful techniques that contain two very different kinds of information and thus serve two different purposes (a) titrations are used for quantitative analytical applications, e.g. the determination of the concentration of an acid by an acid-base titration or the determination of a metal ion by a complexometric titration (b) titrations serve also as a method for the determination of equilibrium constants, e.g. the determination of the strength of the interaction between a metal ion and a ligand. Naturally, both objectives can be combined and the analysis of one titration can deliver both types of information. 

The reaction of styrene required tuning of the ligand nature to achieve acceptable selectivities the use of PPh2Cy (Cy=cyclohexyl) proved to be the right choice for the selective synthesis of the branched isomer 11a (Scheme 27)... 

Ellington, A. D. Szostak, J. W. In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands. Nature 1990, 346, 818-822. 

Barbeau K, Rue EL, Bruland KW, Butler A (2001) Photochemical Cycling of Iron in the Surface Ocean Mediated by Microbial Iron(III)-Binding Ligands. Nature 413 409... 

Ellington AD, Szostak JW (1990) In vitro selecrion of RNA molecules that hind specific ligands. Nature 346 818-822... 

Lovley, D. R., Woodward, J. C. Chapelle, F. H. (1994). Stimulated anoxic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons using Fe(III) ligands. Nature, 370, 128-31. 

The factors that induce these notable self-assembly processes are both structural (ligand nature, metal ion coordination, steric) and thermodynamic (site occupancy, entropy). They will be considered in more detail below (Section 9.5). 

Chaudhari, R.V., Bhanage, B.M., Deshpande, R.M. and Delmas, H. (1995) Enhancement of interfacial catalysis in a biphasic system using catalyst-binding ligands. Nature, 373, 501. 

There is little reported data on ultrasonic synthesis of metal chelates [738-740]. Interaction between metallic copper or nickel with azomethinic ligands in ethanol, dioxane, or various lubricant oils (10% solution) was studied in Ref. 738. After 4 hr of US irradiation of the reaction mixture, the formed complexes 829 (R = Ph, CH3, H, Cl, N02 M = Ni, Cu) were isolated with yields of 10-25%, in dependence on metal and ligand nature ... 

Among the natural and artificial radioactive elements (Tc, Pm, Po, Fr, Ra, Ac, and actinides), coordination and organometallic compounds of only technetium and the actinide series (An) are well represented at the present time. The interest in their metal complexes has been motivated by the extended use of Tc, available in kilogram amounts, for medical and technical purposes, meanwhile actinides are important on their own for the nuclear industry. A lot of original papers, reviews, and chapters of some books are dedicated to Tc and An complexes [263-281], In the present section, dedicated to the coordination and organometallic chemistry of the actinides and Tc, we intend to present the synthetic techniques for these compounds according to their ligand nature. 

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