Life cycle stages considerations

Each product system consists of a variable number of processes involved in the product life cycle. However, the product under consideration is often related to other processes that may no longer be important for the LCA study. The system boundary serves to the separation of essential and non-essential processes of the product life cycle. Since the choice of system boundaries significantly affects LCA study outcomes and in addition, its intensity and complexity, system boundaries should always be well considered and clearly defined. The choice of system boundaries is carried out with regard to the studied processes, studied environmental impacts and selected complexity of the study. Not-including any life cycle stages, processes or data must be logically reasoned and clearly explained [32]. 

Markets are not static—they emerge, grow, mature, and decline. As a market moves from one life cycle stage to emother, changes occur in its strategic considerations, from innovation rates to customer price-sensitivity to intensity of competitive rivalry and beyond. The market fife cycle provides a useftrl framework for studying markets and their impact on the enterprise s valrre proposition. 

Though acute LC50 values for nickel are substantially higher when adult fish are treated in hard water, hardness may be less protective when sensitive life-cycle stages are subjected to longer exposures at near-threshold concentrations. In consideration of the data reviewed above, it appears that reproduction of most aquatic species would not be impaired appreciably by a nickel concentration of 10 /Ag/liter. 

The production of the polymer depends on several factors such as the composition of the growth medium, the time of harvest, and the particular stage of the life-cycle of organism under consideration. Eor P. polycephalum only plasmodia are the producers of j8-poly(L-malate) neither amoebae nor spherules (specialized cell forms that can survive unfavorable environmental conditions)... 

Chemicals that cycle in abundance are obvious candidates for consideration as pheromones. Armed with effective analytical techniques we can address the issue of cane toad chemical plasticity with respect to different variables (Table 39.1). We will also investigate the impact of crude and fractionated secretions on the behavior of cane toads, and compare these responses between the same groupings of animals, i.e. sex, life-stage, season etc. We have identified three stages in the cane toad life cycle that are likely controlled by chemical signals, and are an ideal place to start attempting to disrupt their chemical ecology. 

There is a considerable difference in the antimalarial action of desferrioxamine B (DFO) and the hydrophobic chelators based on ferrichrome analogs. While the former is limited to mature forms in the life cycle of P. falciparum (trophozoites and schizonts), the latter effects to a greater extent early developing stages (ring). Therefore, studies explored... 

Depending on the aim of the study, appropriate life-cycle methods and scope have to be chosen [27]. Most of the methods either consider all stages of the ENM or nanoproduct life-cycle, or focus only on specific parts of the life-cycle. For example, some methods focus only on the environmental health effects of ENMs, whereas life-cycle assessment (LCA) focuses on all environmental impacts of a nanoproduct, and thus also includes considerations such as impacts of energy consumption. LCA is essentially a comprehensive tool for environmental sustainability assessment. 

Travel career A dynamic concept arguing that tourists have identifiable stages in their holiday taking. The state of one s travel career, like a career at work, is influenced by previous travel experiences and life-stage or contingency factors. A pattern of travel motives should be linked to or characterise the state of one s travel career. (Empirical studies are useful to explore these links.) Travel careers can be operationalised by a conjoint consideration of travel experience, age and life cycle. 

This is the consideration of all stages along the life cycle of a chemical, as well as the consideration of environmental impacts caused by by-products and auxiliaries." ... 

The primary focus in the analytical considerations of immunoassays for macromolecules should be in the development phase. By thoroughly defining each component of the immunoassay in the first phase of the assay life cycle, the resulting validation plan should be concise and the validation process should be straightforward. Several facets of the assay defined in the late development stage, such as specificity and dilutional linearity, can appropriately be included in the final validation report. 

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