Life cycle analysis, LCA

The TCP approach is relatively simple and can be easily applied to studies involving comparisons of different equipments, different processes, or even parts of processes. CCP has now emerged as the most realistic approach that can be employed in economic project analyses. It is the recommended procedure for pollution-prevention studies. The LCC approach is usually applied to the life-cycle analysis (LCA) of a product or seiwice. It has found occasional application in projec t analysis. 

Global environmental questions have increased in significance during the last few years. A life-cycle analysis (LCA) analyzes the environmental effect with reference to ecological effects, health effects, and consumption of resources. 

Life-cycle analysis (LCA) does not account for economic aspects, and such analysis should therefore be considered together with a life-cycle cost analysis (LCC), which takes into account the costs of investment, energy, maintenance, and dumping the final waste product throughout the lifetime of a plant. 

Keywords Additive, Cushion Vinyl Floor Covering, DEHP, Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, Plastic, Waste Treatment... 

A broader and more detailed evaluation can be done by performing a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). The central idea of a LCA is that the environmental effects during the entire life cycle of a process are quantified. These environmental effects are caused by the use of fossil fuels for heating and production of electricity, the use of non-renewable raw materials for the production of materials and chemicals, and the emissions of pollutants to air, water and soil. These environmental effects can be subdivided further in various levels of detail. The five major effects mentioned are derived from the more general effects considered in the framework of the LCA. Based on the environmental sustainability of each of the complete treatment scenarios considered as technically feasible, a ranking according environmental... 

Well-to-wheel analysis is a specific form of life-cycle analysis (LCA). In contrast to WTW analysis, LCA typically also takes factors other than global GHG emissions of a product or an energy carrier into consideration (such as air pollutants), including provision of all construction materials for the necessary processing plants and, furthermore, plant decommissioning. The full detail of a general LCA analysis is not needed at the level of policy discussion to reach a broad consensus on alternative fuels or drive systems. As a subset of WTW analysis, well-to-tank (WTT) analysis is often used to separate environmental or economic effects of fuel supplies and drive systems. 

Werner Weindorf received his Engineering Degree in Physics at the Munich University of Applied Sciences. He has been with Ludwig-Bolkow-Systemtechnik since January 1999 as technology and policy consultant. His major activities are life-cycle analysis (LCA) and technoeconomic analysis of alternative and conventional fuels, hydrogen infrastructure and renewable energies. 

Evaluation of life cycle analysis (LCA) is thought to be important to confirm whether a process is really environmentally friendly or not. When the carbon source of some products comes from renewable resources, it is called carbon neutral and it is often thought that this means that a product is good for environment. But, as shown in Fig. 20, a lot of CO2 must be generated in every process and we have to accumulate all of that generated CO2 to evaluate the efficiency of the production process. ... 

A life-cycle analysis (LCA) was also conducted (Suppiah, 2008). One objective of the LCA was to identify environmental issues associated with nuclear-produced hydrogen and determine which are the most critical. The study focused on identifying energy, materials, and waste in/out of the system for the nuclear-hydrogen plant. Sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate what future improvements should be made, and identify specific areas where significant contributions would improve the overall environmental impact. 

Total life cycle analysis (LCA) is increasingly being utilized to establish the relative human health and environmental impacts of many products and processes. In these analyses, the total impacts, from the production of the raw materials for the product, through its manufacture, use and ultimate disposal are established, and then usually compared to other similar products. Environmentalists and regulators have used these principles to favor the displacement of one product in the marketplace with an allegedly more environmentally friendly product. Very often, however, it has been found that one product may exhibit high negative LCA impacts in one area, while another product may be deficient in another area. Such appears to be the case when various battery chemistries are compared. 

From the perspective of a life cycle analysis (LCA), the RIM process presents two winning cards with respect to thermoplastic injection molding the use of liquids instead of thermoplastic granules and the necessity to use much less clamping force during the molding process. 

Ecological behavior Life cycle analysis (LCA), waste water, disposal, etc. 

It is environmentally important to perform a life cycle assessment analysis, not only for non-biodegradable polymers but also for partially biodegradable or even completely biodegradable polymers. Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a tool which helps in understanding the environmental impact associated with the products, processes and activities throughout the life of a polymer. The life cycle of vegetable oil-based polymers is shown in Rg. 2.6. Thus a complete LCA would include three separate but interrelated components, an inventory analysis, an impact analysis and an improvement analysis. 

Papasavva et al. [36] recently reported a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of paint processes for coating of an SUV of typical size such as a Chevy Blazer. The... 

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