Lichtenberg

Lichtenberg A J and Lieberman M A 1983 Regular and Stochastic Motion (Berlin Springer)... 

Lieberman M A and Lichtenberg A J 1994 Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing (New York Wiley)... 

Iicht83] Lichtenberg, A.J. and M.A. Lieberman, Regular and Stochastic Motion, Springer-Verlag (1983). 

Lichtenberg- Kraag B, May T, Schmidt LG et al (1995) Changes of G-protein levels in platelet membranes from alcoholics during short-term and long-term abstinence. Alcohol Alcohol 30 455-464... 

In freshwater systems, the only biodegradation product detected was 4-nitrophenol, which was rapidly utilized and transformed to undetectable metabolites by the microorganisms present. In seawater, the main initial product was methyl aminoparathion, formed by reduction of the nitro group (Badawy and El-Dib 1984). Studies in raw river water showed that 4-nitrophenol and dimethyl thiophosphoric acid are the main degradation products (Eichelberger and Lichtenberg 1971). 

Eichelberger JW, Lichtenberg JJ. 1971. Persistence of pesticides in river water. Environ Sci Technol 5 541-544. 

Kawahara FK, Lichtenberg JJ, Eichelberger JW. 1967. Thin-layer and gas chromatographic analysis of parathion and methyl parathion in the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons. J Water Pollut Control Fed 39 446-457. 

An alternative approach is the use of pH-sensitive fluorophores (Lichtenberg and Barenholz, lOSS). These probes are located at the lipid-water interface and their fluorescence behavior reflects the local surface pH, which is a function of the surface potential at the interface. This indirect approach allows the use of vesicles independent of their particle size. Recently, techniques to measure the C potential of Liposome dispersions on the basis of dynamic light scattering became commercially available (Muller et al., 1986). 

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