Lichtenberg figures

Figure 1 An example of Lichtenberg figures. These were first produced by Lichtenberg at Gottingen University in 1778.

Fig. 7.2 Photographs of Lichtenberg figures produced by sparks to an insulator charged (a) positive and (b) negative. (Courtesy of Mile H. Bertein.)...

Figure 4. Metamorphism of organic matter and diagenesis of rocks in the Munsterland 1 well (according to Hede-mann (7), Lensch (14), Welte (32), Scherp (19), Stabler (21), Strasser and Wolters (24), and Lichtenberg (15))...

Figure 7 Valence photoelectron spectra of (a) Mg(oep), (b) VO(oep), (c) VO(pc) collected with Hel photons, and (d) VO(pc) collected with Hell photons. (Reprinted with permission from West-cott, Gruhn, Michelsen, Lichtenberger. 2000 American Chemical Society)...

On a resonant invariant curve, out of the infinite set of r-multiple fixed points, only a finite (even) number survive, half stable and half unstable, as a consequence of the Poincare-Birkhoff fixed point theorem (Arnold and Avez, 1968 Lichtenberg and Lieberman, 1983), as shown schematically in Figure 14b. 

In research similar to that described in section 4.3.1, phase space structures and phase space bottlenecks have been used to analyze unimolecular reaction dynamics (Davis and Gray, 1986 Gray et al., 1986b Gray and Rice, 1987 Zhao and Rice, 1992 Jain et al., 1993 DeLeon, 1992a,b Davis and Skodje, 1992). Important phase space structural properties are illustrated in figure 8.11, for the one-dimensional pendulum Hamiltonian (Lichtenberg and Lieberman, 1991) ... 

Figure 8.11 Correspondence between (a) an energy diagram and (b) a phase space diagram for the pendulum Hamiltonian (Lichtenberg and Lieberman, 1992).

Figure 18 Re-H(D) bonding PE bands of CpReH(NO), Cp ReH(NO), and Cp ReD(NO). Vibrational structure corresponding to an Re-4H(D) stretching mode is apparent, which has been fitted with Gaussian peaks. Adapted with permission of The American Chemical Society from Lichtenberger, D. L Gruhn, N. E. Rai-Chaudhuri, A. Renshaw, S. K. Giadysz, J. A. Jiao, H. Seyier, J. Igau, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 1417.

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