Licensed-in drugs

The study has shown that most of the countries have licensed their drug establishments in accordance with legislation. There are exceptions in Cuba, where only approximately 50% of the manufacturers are licensed (although all the unlicensed manufacturers are legal), and in Estonia, where only 4% of wholesalers are licensed. 

As discussed in Table 3-2, for 8 drug products, the generic applicant obtained a non-exclusive, royalty-bearing license (except for drug product F, which was an exclusive license, and drug product H,... 

The SSRls as a class are now widely considered to be appropriate first-line anxiolytic drugs in particular paroxetine, the most potent 5-HT reuptake blocker, has been licensed in the UK for the treatment of each of the major anxiety disorders. Short-term efficacy has been clearly demonstrated in randomised controlled trials, but in common with other antidepressants, research evidence is lacking for long-term efficacy and necessary duration of treatment. 

Sodium valproate, also used as the free acid, valproic acid, was found to have antiseizure properties when used as a solvent in the search for other drugs effective against seizures. It was marketed in France in 1969 but was not licensed in the USA until 1978. Valproic add is fully ionized at body pH, and for that reason the active form of the drug may be assumed to be the valproate ion regardless of whether valproic acid or a salt of the acid is administered. 

Posaconazole is the newest triazole to be licensed in the USA. It is available only in a liquid oral formulation and is used at a dosage of 800 mg/d, divided into two or three doses. Absorption is improved when taken with meals high in fat. Posaconazole is rapidly distributed to the tissues, resulting in high tissue levels but relatively low blood levels. Visual changes have not been reported, but drug interactions with increased levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine have been documented. 

Robert Dole, Republican senator from Kansas from 1969 to 1996 and presidential candidate in 1996. With Democratic senator Birch Bayh, he cosponsored the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 or the University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act, which gave universities and small businesses ownership of patents that resulted from funding by the federal government. The major drug companies benefited as well They can license new drugs from the universities and small businesses that discovered them. 

Phenylbutazone, the major suxibuzone metabolite, has been approved by the FDA for use in dogs and horses (87). It is not licensed in cattle but its properties make it useful in this species for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, mastitis, endotoxemia, and castration. Since there is evidence of extralabel use for treatment of mastitis in lactating cows, residues of this drug may be found in bovine milk. 

Improper drug usage that results in violative residues can cause the FDA to revoke or restrict a marketing license. Fear of this has resulted in drug companies that develop fewer new products. New product development is an expensive and time-consuming process, since it often takes several years of successful marketing for a new product to recover research and development expenses. Costs... 

Family members often develop habits and ways of coping (called enabling ) that accidentally help the addict continue their substance abuse. Group counseling sessions with a licensed counselor or therapist can help family members build healthy relationships and relearn old behaviors. This is particularly important for adolescents in drug treatment, who should be able to rely on the support of family. 

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