Leverkusen, Germany

Beyer Pocket Book for the Plastics Industy, 3rd ed., Earbenfabtiken Bayer, AG, Leverkusen, Germany, Oct. 1963. 

Apec-HTApplication Technology Information, ATI 849e, Mobay Coip., Pittsburgh, Pa., 1992-, Anwendungstechn. Information, ATI 489, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany, 1992. 

The late 1950s saw the emergence of cast elastomers, which led to the development of reaction injection mol ding (RIM) at Bayer AG in Leverkusen, Germany, in 1964 (see Plastics processing). Also, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) and Spandex fibers (see Fibers, elastomeric) were introduced during this time. In addition, urethane-based synthetic leather (see Leather-LIKEmaterials) was introduced by Du Pont under the trade name Corfam in 1963. 

In the body, metrifonate converts to the active metaboUte dichlorvos, (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate), which is responsible for the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the susceptible worm. This effect alone is unlikely to explain the antischistosomal properties of metrifonate (19). Clinically, metrifonate is effective only against infection caused by S. haematobium. Metrifonate is administered in three doses at 2-wk intervals (17). The dmg is well tolerated. Side effects such as mild vertigo, nausea, and cramps are dose-related. This product is not available in the United States. The only manufacturer of metrifonate is Bayer A.G. of Leverkusen, Germany. 

Caprolactam, Technical Bulletin KL-42001, Bayer Corp., Leverkusen, Germany, 1975. 

Bayer AG, Manual for the Rubber Industry, Bayer AG Leverkusen Germany, p. 119 (1993). 

Business Group Crop Protection Leverkusen, Germany... 

Buna [Butadien natrium] The name has been used for the product, the process, and the company VEB Chemische Werke Buna. A process for making a range of synthetic rubbers from butadiene, developed by IG Farbenindustrie in Leverkusen, Germany, in the late 1920s. Sodium was used initially as the polymerization catalyst, hence the name. Buna S was a copolymer of butadiene with styrene Buna N a copolymer with acrylonitrile. The product was first introduced to the pubhc at the Berlin Motor Show in 1936. Today, the trade name Buna CB is used for a polybutadiene rubber made by Bunawerke Hiils using a Ziegler-Natta type process. German Patent 570, 980. 

Tower Biology A biological waste-treatment process, developed from the Activated Sludge process. The sludge is contained in a tall tower, at the base of which oxygen is injected as small bubbles. The bubbles are almost completely absorbed by the time they reach the surface of the liquid. The system uses less energy than does surface aeration. Developed by Bayer in 1980 for its plant at Leverkusen, Germany subsequently adopted in India and then elsewhere. 

Laboratory notebook entry of Felix Hoffmann, describing his first preparation of aspirin. The initials CD on the page are those of Carl Duisberg. (Courtesy of Bayer A.G., Leverkusen, Germany)... 

I would like to express my gratitude to the Archives of Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany for historical information, to G. Levy, School of Pharmacy, S.U.N.Y., Buffalo for a critical review of the section on pharmacokinetics, to A. I. Cohen, M. Porubcan and B. Toeplitz for providing spectral information and interpretations, and to M. Bruno for her expert secretarial assistance. 

Dr F Gestermann BG Basic and Fine Chemicals/Engineering, Bayer AG, Building R 6, D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany. E-mail fritz.gestermann.fg bayer-ag.de... 

Methylene bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol) BKF Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany... 

Bayer AG Leverkusen Germany, Technical Notes for the Rubber Industry. 

The probably most striking example so far of solvent influence on enzyme selectivity has been found by Yoshihiko Hirose and co-workers at the Amano Corp. in Nagoya, Japan, studying nifedipines, which provide a befitting conclusion of this chapter and a transition to the next on use of enzyme catalysis in the pharma industry. Nifedipines, structurally 1-substituted dihydropyridine mono- or diesters, are used in cardiovascular therapy, where they are termed calcium antagonists (Goldmann, 1991) the most prominent representative is Adalat from Bayer (Leverkusen, Germany). While the simplest achiral dihydropyridines can be syn-... 

A key step in the synthesis of the /3-lactamase inhibitor cilastatin (Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) is the preparation of (S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxamide. The chemically synthesized corresponding nitrile, l-cyano-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane, is hydrolyzed by a highly active but enanhounspecific nitrile hydratase to the racemic carboxamides. An amidase from Comomonas acidovorans overexpressed in E. coli selectively hydrolyzes the undesired (R)-isomer to the acid. The remaining (S) enantiomer is obtained with > 99% e.e. and 48% conversion (the resulting E value thus exceeds 100). The (R)-acid is recycled by chemical amidation with thionyl chloride and ammonia. The process has been developed by Lonza (Visp, Switzerland) and runs on a 15 m3 scale (Rasor, 2001). 

C29 COSMOtherm program, COSMOlogic GmbH CoKG, Leverkusen, Germany, 1999. 

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