Reality, operational

Reality operators are fighting to setup correct feeder temperatures, stress in the control room with machine operators -> aolential need for a hateful tool... 

As discussed in Sections 13.0 and 14.0, the management of operating expenditure (opex) is a major issue, since initial estimates of opex are often far exceeded in reality, and may threaten the profitability of a project. Within the FDP, it is therefore useful to specify the system which will be used to measure the opex. Without measuring opex, there is no chance of managing it. This will involve the joint effort of production operations, finance and accounting, and the development managers. 

Furthermore VGInsight [16], a high-end tool for multi-volume and time-dependent volume raytracing is used for Virtual Reality inspection of the measured dataset. The package is running on a Quad-Pentium Pro System under the Linux Operating System. 

Having gained experience on the application of the Schrodinger equation to several of the more important model problems of chemistry, it is time to return to the issue of how the wavefunctions, operators, and energies relate to experimental reality. 

The philosophy to assume the impedance of the source of supply (generator or a transformer) as the impedance of the faulty circuit may be far from reality and may give a very high fault current. In actual operation, the fault intensity may be far less, as every device and component connected in the circuit will tend to add to the effective impedance of the faulty circuit and limit the magnitude of the fault current. Figure 13.15 also subscribes to this theory. But it is customary to design the systems for the worst fault conditions which, in all likelihood, may not arise, and decide the protective scheme and the current settings of the protective relays for the minimum possible fault current. 

Modeling the design, not the reality, of plant operations Quantifying only the known hazards of a new or unproven technology... 

Determining which accident sequences lead to which states requires a thorough knowledge of plant and process operations, and previous safety analyses of the plant such as, for nuclear plants, in Chapter 15 of their FSAR. These states do not form a continuum but cluster about specific situations, each with characteristic releases. The maximum number of damage states for a two-branch event trees is 2 where S is the number of systems along the top of the event tree. For example, if there are 10 systems there are 2 = 1,024 end-states. This is true for an "unpruned" event tree, but. in reality, simpler trees result from nodes being bypassed for physical reasons. An additional simplification results... 

Manual Controls. The first methods used in energy control involved human intei vention. The operator was the sensor (i.e., using his eyes, ears, and hands or using additional devices to quantify the values of the controlled variables), and he was also the actuator controller. The control of the processes was slow and vei y ineffective. For example, in an old steam engine control the human operator sees the instantaneous pressure and then manually regulates the power of the device (e.g., by adding fuel to a boiler). But in today s industrial reality, this control is not only ineffective but in most cases is not possible. 

Many compressors are designed and operated at a fixed condition in a process or refrigeration cycle. However, at least an equal number are designed and operated over a varying, or at the initial selection unknown, set of conditions of suction or discharge pressures. This situation is a reality and an economical necessity if the full horsepower of the compressor and driver combination is to be realized. 

Over the years, the original dihydroxylation procedure has been modified to operate catalytically, more rapidly, and in better yield. However, the last remaining task, making the dihydroxylation of a prochiral olefin enantioselective without losing all the other desirable features of the reaction, has only recently become a reality. 

The two balls, A and B, are connected, by jointed rods, with the sliding pieces C, D. If the shaft XY is rotated, A and B move further apart, and C and D approach each other as though attractive forces were operative between them This is due to our considering C and D as a complete system, whereas it is in reality part of a larger system, and when we consider the complete system we see that it behaves as if it A were acted on by no forces and possessed no energy other than kinetic. ... 

Common teaching experience suggests that sometimes students sense-making operates on representations, rather than on the sub-microscopic reality that they rep-... 

Time has now come to transform the preceding plans into reality. All ideas and suggestions have been turned into drawings and specifications from which the laboratory can be built. Or have they This is up to the laboratory operator to determine by carefully checking over all details so that corrections can be made before construction starts. Since the typical laboratory operator will usually not be familiar with many of the architectural terms and symbols, he should ask questions whenever something is not quite clear. No detail must be taken for granted. The case of the suspended ceiling will illustrate this ... 

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