Lessons from the past and future developments

ISO 14851 (Oxygen consumption) and ISO 148 (Sturm test) do not simulate composting conditions. 

What is really needed is to know what the fate is of material under composting conditions and what happens once it is released to the soil. 

If the packaging material does not completely biodegrade during the composting process, it should be demonstrated that it eventually degrades in the soil.  

As currently formulated, EN 13432 discriminates against manufacturers of oxo-biodegradable polyolefins since certification of biodegradable plastics as compostable requires compliance with this published Standard. This clearly 

Other factors also need to be assessed in comparing the ecological impact and sustainability of natural and man-made products, these have been discussed elsewhere. ° Since life cycle assessment (LCA) has not yet played a significant role in the thinking of Standards committees, they will not be discussed in detail here. It can be concluded, however that natural polymers have not so far demonstrated superiority over synthetic polymers in sustainability.  

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