Lepidoptera nuclear polyhedrosis viruses

Andrews, G. L., and Sikorowoski, P.P., 1973. Effects of cotton leaf surface on the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera Noctuidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol., 22 290-291. 

Shapiro, M., 2001. The effects of cations on the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J. Econ. Entomol., 94 1-6. 

Mitchell, F. L. Fuxa, J. R. Multiple regression analysis of factors influencing a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in populations of flill armywonn (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in com. Environ. Entomol. 1990,19,260-267. 

Luttrell, R. G. Yearian, W. C. Young, S. Y. Effect of spray adjuvants on Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus efficacy. J. Econ. Entomol. 1983,76,162-167. 

Viral diseases have been isolated from several hundred insect species (1). Although these viruses represent several families, those studied for use as control agents are almost exclusively limited to occluded viruses (nuclear polyhedrosis [NPV] and granulosis [GV]) of Baculoviridae. Known occluded baculoviruses are mostly restricted to larvae of Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (saw-flies), thus limiting viral insecticide development primarily to these two orders. These viruses are safe (2, 3), virulent, efficaceous (4) and can be produced in quantity in insect hosts. 

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