Lemon eucalyptus

Natural pmdud. No biocide Deferred from lemon eucalyptus Micro encapsulation prolongs the ife of mentholglycol... 

Several other commercially available natural insect repellents also use monoterpenoids from oils of cinnamon, lemongrass, rosemary, and lemon eucalyptus. Other specific monoterpenoids used as active ingredients in repellents are phenylethyl propionate (from peanuts) and p-menthane-3,8-diol (from lemon eucalyptus) (Figure 5.1). 

However, PMD was discovered as a by-product. It is a white, waxy material, semisolid at room temperature, produced as a distillate after add modification of the lemon eucalyptus oil. This material was determined to be highly repellent, and was given the Chinese name Quwenling that means effective repeller of mosquitoes. PMD is the only plant-based repellent that has been advocated for use in disease-endemic areas by the CDC, due to its proven clinical efficacy to prevent malaria and is considered to pose no risk to human health. It should be noted that the essential oil of lemon eucalyptus does not have EPA registration for use as an insect repellent. 

Mosi-guard (30% lemon eucalyptus) Walkabout (1.9% melaleuca, 0.9% leptospermum, 2.8% citronella) Nourish (3% citronella, 2% melaleuca)... 

The use of topical repellents applied to exposed skin is the most important personal intervention against vectors of diseases, and numerous studies have been undertaken to enumerate the protection against biting vectors, especially mosquitoes. The use of repellent active ingredients such as A,A-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-piperidinecarboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester (icaridin, picaridin), lemon eucalyptus oil (p-menthane-3,8-diol) and ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535), as well as several infrequently used synthetic and naturally derived active ingredients are discussed in detail in Chapter 19. 

Among the six repellent categories described, topical repellents are the most widely used. A majority of these contain deet (A,A-diethyl-m-toluamide) as the major active ingredient, although there are insect repellent products that contain other synthetic chanicals such as picaridin as their active ingredient. In addition, many commercial insect repellents contain distilled essential plant oils such as oil of lemon eucalyptus as active ingredients. 

A second type of botanical insect repellent includes those that have essential plant oils as their active ingredient. Some of these active ingredients are registered by the EPA. Among these are oil of citronella, soybean oil, and oil of lemon eucalyptus. Some of the common formulations include ... 

OPE Botanicals insect repellent (S. C. Johnson Son, Racine, Wisconsin) A lotion formulation containing PMD, the synthetic form of the active ingredient in the distillate remaining following extraction of oil of lemon eucalyptus. It is registered in the United States. 

Quwenling A lotion formulation marketed in China and in several Asian countries. Its active ingredient is the distillate remaining following extraction of oil of lemon eucalyptus from the leaves of Corymbia citriodora. The major active ingredient, PMD, was first discovered when this product was chemically analyzed by the USDA. Chinese product. Other information is not available. 

Repel Lemon Eucalyptus (Wisconsin Pharmacol, Jackson, Wisconsin) Available in spray and lotion formulations and contains 30% oil of lemon eucalyptus (actually, the distillate remaining following extraction of the oil). Registered and available in the United States. 

Aedes aegypti Sindbis (Flavivirus) Oil of lemon eucalyptus (30%, 65% of p-menthane-3,8-diol) No difference... 

The botanical insect repellents, cinnamon oil, lemon eucalyptus oil, sandalwood oil, and turmeric oil, were evaluated in the laboratory against fourth instars of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albop-ictus, and Culex pipiens complex. The sandalwood oil was the most effective larvicide, killing the larvae of all three species of mosquitoes in a relatively short time. Twenty-one commercial insect repellents shown in Table 21.3 including 12 natural, 6 deet-based, and 3 synthetic repellent products were evaluated as larvicides against the larvae of Aedes albopictus in the laboratory. Ten of the 12 botanical products at 0.1% concentration provided 57%-100% mortality at 24 hours posttreatment. " ... 

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