Leaves, of blackberry, raspberry and strawberry

Wang, S.Y. and Lin, H.S., Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 140, 2000. 

The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in the fruits and leaves from different cultivars of the thornless blackberry (Rubus sp.), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D.) was reported [54]. Studies on the ability of endothelial cells (EC) to incorporate anthocyanins and on the potential benefits against various oxidative stressors showed that the enrichment of EC with elderberry anthocyanins gave significant protective effects in the endothelial cells against the oxidative stressors, hydrogen peroxide, 2,2/-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, and iron(II) sulfate/ascorbic acid [55]. 

The modern strawberry is the descendant of the tiny woodland strawberry that was grown by the Romans. Modern cultivated strawberries derive from a cross between an American and a Chilean variety that occurred around 1750. Raspberries are native to Europe and have been cultivated since the Middle Ages. Cloudberries (Rubus chamaemorus) are relatives of the raspberry, grown either side of the Arctic Circle. Blackberries have been eaten since Neolithic times and the Greeks prized them for the medicinal value of the leaves. 

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