Best monitoring leads

A useful indicator of excessive lead effect is the presence of free erythrocytic porphyrin (FEP). It can be measured from a small quantity of blood obtained by finger-prick. For confirmatory evidence of excessive lead absorption or poisoning, urine estimation of coproporphyrin and amino laevulinic acid are helpful. Inorganic lead is best monitored by blood sampling and organic lead by urine sampling. 

Most bedside monitoring systems allow for simultaneous monitoring of two leads, such as lead II with or MCL. Lead II or the lead that clearly shows the P waves and QRS complex may be used for sinus node arrhythmias, PACs, and AV block. The precordial leads V. and Vg or the bipolar leads MCL. and MCLg are the best leads for monitoring rhythms with wide QRS complexes and for differentiating VT from SVT with aberrancy. 

This table lists the best leads for monitoring challenging cardiac arrhythmias. 

The best monitoring lead is determined by the patient s medical condition and by the arrhythmias most likely to occur. Most bedside monitoring systems allow for simultaneous monitoring of two leads such as lead II with Vj or MCLj. 

The precordial leads Vj and Vg or the bipolar leads MCLj and MCLg are the best leads for monitoring rhythms with wide QRS complexes and differentiating ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy. 

The table below lists the best leads for monitoring challenging cardiac arrhythmias and special situations such as acute coronary syndromes. 

Six helpful appendices are included Quick guide to cardiac arrhythmias summarizes the details of 20 arrhythmias Cardiac drug overview covers commonly used cardiac drugs Best monitoring leads shows the most beneficial leads to monitor for the most challenging arrhythmias Depolarization-repolarization cycle explains the five phases of this cardiac cycle Action potential curves reviews the cellular changes that occur during the depolarization-repolarization cycle and Cardiac conduction system reviews how electrical impulses affect heart function. 

Making use of the information from monitoring probes, combined with the storage and analysis capabilities of portable computers and microprocessors, seems the best method for understanding corrosion processes. Commercial setups can be assembled from standard probes, cables, readout devices, and storage systems. When these are coupled with analysis by corrosion engineers, the system can lead to better a understanding of in-plant corrosion processes. 

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