Lead, alloys

These compounds are obtained by action of halogenated organic derivatives on lead alloys (magnesium or alkaline metal alloys). 

COppERALLOYS - CAST COPPER ALLOYS] (Vol 7) Copper-tin-zinc-lead alloys... 

A typical automobile battery weighs 16.4 kg and consists of 3.5 kg metallic lead, 2.6 kg lead oxides, 4.0 kg lead sulfate, 1.3 kg polypropylene, 1.1 kg PVC, mbber and other separators, and 3.9 kg electrolyte. Including acid and water, the lead-beating parts represent 61 wt %, ie, 21 wt % of lead alloy (2% Sb) and 40 wt % lead oxides and sulfate. Nonlead-beating parts constitute the remaining 39% the case (hard mbber or polypropylene) and separators (PVC) at 15 wt % and the electrolyte at 24 wt %. 

Almost all battery scrap and paste is converted to impure lead or lead alloys by pyrometaHurgical processes employing blast, reverberatory, rotary, Isasmelt, or electric furnaces. In many plants, a furnace combination is used. PIectrowinning technologies have also been developed but as of this writing none is yet in fliU commercial operation. 

Automobile battery grids employ about 1—3 wt % antimony—lead alloys. Hybrid batteries use low (1.6—2.5 wt %) alloys for the positive grids and nonantimony alloys for the negative grids to give reduced or no water loss. The posts and straps of virtually all lead—acid batteries are made of alloys containing about 3 wt % antimony. 

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