Lead alloys properties

Hoffmann, W., Lead and Lead Alloys Properties and Technology, p. 

Simple axia symmetric heat transfer models were used for temperature distribution calculations the accuracy of many of the physical lead and lead alloy properties (viscosity, coefficient of expansion, etc.) used are questionable refinements in the design may be required. 

Hofmann, W. Lead and Lead Alloys Properties and Technology, Springer-Verlag, English Trans, by Lead Development Association, London 302 (1970)... 

Table 3. Mechanical Properties of Pure Lead and Lead Alloys...

Wrought lead—calcium—tin anodes have replaced many cast lead—calcium anodes (14). Superior mechanical properties, uniform grain stmcture, low corrosion rates, and lack of casting defects result in increased life for wrought lead—calcium—tin anodes compared to other lead alloy anodes. 

Single-Phase Alloys. Copper—tin—zinc-lead alloys, tin bronzes, and the leaded tin bronzes have a narrow range of properties, namely,... 

Properties of copper—tin—lead alloys are Hsted in Table 10. The members of the tin bronze alloy group are cast using the centrifugal, continuous, permanent, plaster, and sand molding methods. Leaded tin—bronze alloys have minimum tensile strengths of 234—248 MPa (34,000—36,000 psi) as cast in sand molds, whereas the minimum tensile strengths for high leaded tin—bronze alloys are 138—207 MPa (20,000—30,000). The values are based on measurement of test bars cast in sand molds. 

For long lengths of anode it is sometimes necessary to extrude one material over another to improve a particular characteristic. Thus titanium may be extruded over a copper rod to improve the longitudinal conductivity and current attenuation characteristics of the former lead alloys may be treated similarly to compensate for their poor mechanical properties. It should he noted that these anodes have the disadvantage that, should the core metal be exposed to the electrolyte by damage to the surrounding metal, rapid corrosion of the former will occur. 

Lead/lead alloy plating, 9 814-817 Lead-lead frame alloys, properties of, 17 842t... 

Roll discharge systems, with rotary drum vacuum filters, 11 356-357 Rolled lead alloys, mechanical properties of, 14 775t... 

The term babbitt includes high tin alloys (substantially lead-free) containing >80 wt % tin, and high lead alloys containing >70 wt % lead and <12 wt % tin. Both have the characteristic structure of hard compounds in a soft matrix, and although they contain the same or similar types of compounds, they differ in composition and properties of the matrix. 

Of the lead alloys, the one with antimony is best known it is harder than lead, but retains its acid-resisting properties, and is largely used for taps. 

Lead Alloying lead with silver, tin, or cobalt often improves the corrosion resistance of lead anodes. In many cases, the surface of a lead anode is acmaUy lead dioxide [58]. Pb02 electrodes are stable in sulfate media at low pH and the oxygen overpotential is high, but the material has poor mechanical properties and corrodes in HCl. 

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