Lauryl alcohol sulfate

Alcotabs . [Alconox] Blend of alkylaiyl sulfonates, lauryl alcohol sulfates, phosphates, carbonates detergent with wetting, sequestering and synergistic scents. 

Alcono]. [Alctmox] Blend of alkyl-aryl sulfimates, lauryl alcohol sulfates, phosphates, carbemates detergent wetting agent sequestrant for labware cleanos. 

Some commercial sulfonations and sulfations employ nearly stoichiometric quantities of reagents and yield products which can be neutralized and used directly as is, or with minor purification. These include benzene, toluene, and xylenesulfonic acids as prepared by the partial-pressure distillation method dodecylbenzene sulfonated with SO3 long-chain alcohol sulfates prepared with ClSQjH, SOs, or NHjSOiH some sulfonated aromatic amines as prepared by the baking process and products from certain sulfoalkylation or sulfite reactions (see technical section for detailed examples). In other cases, even when excess acid is present, it is neutralized with the sulfonate since sodium sulfate is desired or allowable in the final product. Examples include dodecylbenzene sulfonated with oleum and lauryl alcohol sulfated with concentrated acid. In most cases, however, separation or purification is necessary. The three most common procedures may be summarized as follows ... 

Chem. Descrip. Modified oleyl-lauryl alcohol sulfate Ionic Nature Anionic... 

Fig. 1. Sulfonated and sulfated acid products viscosities after 98% conversions at varying temperatures where the vertical line indicates the maximum temperature for batch sulfonation using SO to minimi2e color deterioration lines A—C represent branched C 2 alkyl ben2ene (BAB) sulfonic acid from SO, oleum (settied), and oleum (whole mixture), respectively lines D and E, lauryl alcohol 3-ethoxylate sulfuric ester (SO ) and lauryl alcohol sulfuric ester...

Processes for Sulfation of Fatty Alcohols with GISO H. Lauryl alcohol is batch sulfated by gradual addition of CISO H to lauryl alcohol in a glass-lined stirred reactor over about a 2.5-h period at a temperature of 26—32°C. Gaseous HCl is expelled, aided by a slow continuous N2... 

The acid is rather slow to react with aUphatic hydrocarbons unless a double bond or other reactive group is present. This permits straight-chain fatty alcohols such as lauryl alcohol [112-53-8] C22H2 0, to be converted to the corresponding sulfate without the degradation or discoloration experienced with the more vigorous reagent sulfur trioxide. This is important in shampoo base manufacture (see Hairpreparations). 

Alcohol sulfates decompose at high temperature. At 100°C they lose any associated water and at 150°C thermal decomposition begins. The organic part of the molecule is completely decomposed at 285 °C. Main decomposition substances of sodium lauryl sulfate are dilauryl ether and sodium pyrosulfate [64]. 

Alcohol sulfates commonly have free alcohol and electrolytes as impurities. Other hydrophobic impurities can also be present. A method suitable for the purification of surfactants has been proposed by Rosen [120]. Consequently, commercial products have CMCs that deviate from the accepted reference values. This was demonstrated by Vijayendran [121] who studied several commercial sodium lauryl sulfates of high purity. The CMC was determined both by the conductimetric method and by the surface tension method. The values found were similar for both methods but while three samples gave CMC values of 7.9, 7.8, and 7.4 mM, close to the standard range of 8.0-8.2 mM, three other samples gave values of 4.1, 3.1, and 1.7 mM. The sample with a CMC of 7.9 mM was found to have a CMC of 8.0 mM with no detectable surface tension minima after purification and recrystallization. This procedure failed in all other cases. 

An important application of some sodium alcohol sulfates, particularly those based on C12 and C12-CI4 and produced in powder and needle forms, is as the basic surfactant ingredient in toothpastes. Sodium and triethanolamine lauryl sulfates are also components of shaving creams. 

Comparative primary skin irritation scores of surfactant solutions (15% active content) show various types of sulfosuccinates as being the least irritant materials, well below sodium laureth-3 sulfate. It was also shown that an increase in degree of ethoxylation reduces skin and eye irritation, leading to laureth-3 (lauryl alcohol with 3 mol ethylene oxide) as the ideal organic raw material [17]. The results are given in Fig. 9 for eye irritation and in Fig. 10 for skin irritation. 

C12-0077. Of the following compounds, which will be the best and which will be the worst surfactant Support your choices with molecular pictures, (a) propanoic acid, H3 CCH2 CO2 H (b) sodium lauryl sulfate, H3 C (CH2)n OSO3 Na and (c) lauryl alcohol,... 

The contents of the flask are transferred to a separatory funnel while still hot and washed three times with 200-cc. portions of hot water to remove the sodium laurate (Note 7). The lauryl alcohol is extracted with ether from the cooled mixture and the washings. The combined ether extracts are washed with water, sodium carbonate solution, and again with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The ether is evaporated and the lauryl alcohol distilled under diminished pressure. The yield is 60-70 g. (65-75 per cent of the theoretical amount) of a product boiling at i43-i46°/i8 mm. or i98-2oo°/i35 mm. (Note 8). 

Alcohol sulfates (AS) are usually manufactured by the reaction of a primary alcohol with sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid followed by neutralization with a base. These are high foam surfactants but they are sensitive to water hardness and higher levels of phosphates are required. This latter requirement has harmed the market for this type of detergent, but they are 2% of production for the major household surfactant market. Sodium lauryl sulfate (R = Cn) is a constituent of shampoos to take advantage of its high-foaming properties. 

Problem 13.58 Inorganic acids such as HjSO , H,PO, and HOCI (hypochlorous acid) form esters. Write structural formulas for (a) dimethyl sulfate, (b) tribenzyl phosphate, (e) diphenyl hydrogen phosphate, (d) /-butyl nitrite, (e) lauryl hydrogen sulfate (lauryl alcohol is n-CuH jCH OH), (/) sodium lauryl sulfate. ... 

Latex, Liquid Synthetic Laughing Gas Lauroyl Peroxide Lauryl Alcohol Lauryl Ammonium Sulfate Lauryl Benzene Lauryl Magnesium Sulfate Lauryl Mercaptan... 

Initial Batch Reactor Studies. An agitated 2000 ml thick-walled glass reactor was blanketed with nitrogen and operated at 50°C. Vinyl acetate containing about 15 ppm hydroquinone was used without purification. The ionic emulsifier was Sipex EST-30, advertised as a sodium tridecyl ether sulfate, and the nonionic surfactant was Siponic L-25, a lauryl alcohol ethoxy-late. Table I shows the recipes and properties of the three seed latexes produced in the batch reactor. Essentially complete conversions were obtained in 30 to 45 minutes, but with a temperature rise of almost 50°C. 

Lauryl is the old name for a chain of twelve carbon atoms the modern name is dodecyl (do = 2, decyl = 10). The commonly used surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate is made from lauryl alcohol which comes from coconut oil or palm kernel oil. 

Wilson, A., Epstein, M.B. and Ross, J. (1957) The adsorption of sodium lauryl sulfate and lauryl alcohol at the air-liquid interface. J. Colloid Sci., 12, 345-55. 

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