Laser scanning systems

Fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate filter sets for detection of one or more fluorochromes and image capture system. If cells that grow flat are to be used, a conventional epifluorescence microscope is adequate. For thicker cells, a microscope equipped with a confocal laser scanning system is an advantage. 

There are materials, which can form varieties of nonstoichiometric compounds. For example, Pb02 can coexist as PbO where x can have values from 0 to 2. Among these oxides, most photoactive oxide is PbOo.8- If PbOo.8 oxide is to be prepared by anodic oxidation of lead, it is possible that surface of the lead film might contain other forms of oxides as well. Thus, a PEC cell prepared by anodization of lead may give a low photoresponse, not because PbOo.8 is an inappropriate material but because anodized surface may be contaminated with other forms of oxides as well. There seems to have no nondestructive technique available to confirm the uniformity of surface with photoactive species, especially of a large area electrode. Sharon and coworkers [111] has recently developed a laser scanning system to overcome this problem. A laser... 

In this paper a laser beam addressed liquid-crystal light valve is described. Its writing speed is limited by the available laser power and by the laser scanning system, but it does have selective erase capability. This feature, which allows local erase and update of information on the screen, is important in large storage displays and is not available with present storage CRT s. 

Using a laser scanning system and a computer numerically controlled foam cutter, custom prosthetic Umbs can be made in about a day. In addition, because of advances in materials and electronics, today s prosthetic Umbs as illustrated in Fig. 5.2 are much more capable than those of even a few years ago. 

Fig. 12.21 A tunnel profile measured by the terrestrial cinematic 360° four laser scanning system StreetMapper [28]...

Laser scanning systems use trigonometry to derive the coordinates needed to pinpoint a position. These technologies can be used to create highly accurate digital models of three-dimensional objects. Analysis can then be performed on the digital model. 

Inverted microscope with a confocal unit e.g., 1X81 with FVIOOO confocal laser-scanning system (Olympus). 

Wokosin D L and White J G 1997 Optimization of the design of a multiple-photon excitation laser scanning fluorescence imaging system Proc. SPIE 2984 25-9... 

Reductionism is the direction that unites those guys who try to dissemble the parts of a biological system, and put them under a microscope (a laser-scanning quantum-leaping one, of course) to see the sparks of imagination hidden in the least of the components. The under-the-bonnet view, to stay with the Martian s analogy. 

Szabo, G., Pine, P., Weaver, J., Kasari, M. and Aszalos, A. (1992). Epitope mapping by photobleaching fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements using a laser scanning microscope system. Biophys. J. 61, 661-70. 

Implementation of time domain FLIM methods is comparatively straightforward in laser scanning microscopes (LSMs). Here, pointscanning is used so that single channel lifetime detection suffices. In principle, standard fluorescence lifetime detection equipment developed for spectroscopy can be used in combination with point-scanning systems and a pulsed laser. 

Y. Ermolenko, T. Yoshinobu, Y. Mourzina, Y. Vlasov, MJ. Schoning, and H. lwasaki, Laser-scanned silicon transducer (LSST) as a multisensor system. Sens. Actuators, B 103, 457-462 (2004). 

Excitation spectra of D API and Hoechst 3 3 342 are too short for most of the lasers and mirrors that are supplied with commercially available laser scanning microscopes, although these dyes can be imaged in conventional fluorescence microscopes with Xenon or Mercury arc discharge lamp or when using HeNe laser/UV system or multiple photon microscopy... 

Special emphasis is placed on the carbohydrate-mediated cell - target system interaction by describing hints and pitfalls of assays for cytoadhesion, specificity, cytoinvasion, and cytoevasion. In addition, basic considerations are presented to discriminate between active and passive uptake as well as to detect lysosomal accumulation. Finally, the pros and cons of two useful analytical techniques, namely, flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, are described in detail. 

Fig. 3. Comparisons of wide-field (A) and confocal fluorescence images (B, mesoglea level C, apical) of rhodamine phalloidin-stained F-actin in a whole-mount hydra tentacle. The hydra was fixed and stained as described in Chapter 18. The bar represents 25 pm. All images were collected with a Nikon (New York) Microphot FX microscope (x40 objective lens). Confocal images were collected with the microscope connected to a Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA) MRC600 laser-scanning confocal system.

Fig. 5. Optical sectioning of rhodamine phalloidin-stained F-actin in a neutrophil migrating through a 5-pm pore of a polycarbonate membrane. The neutrophil migration is stimulated in response to 10 M Af-formytmethionyl-leucy 1-phenylalanine. (A), (B), and (C) correspond to O.S-pm optical sections indicated as sections A, B, and C, respectively, in Fig. 4. The bar represents 10 pm. The images were collected with a Nikon Microphot FX microscope (x60 Plan-apochromat lens, numerical aperture, 1.6) connected to a Bio-Rad MRC600 laser-scanning confocal system.

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