Laser scanning fluorescence

Wokosin D L and White J G 1997 Optimization of the design of a multiple-photon excitation laser scanning fluorescence imaging system Proc. SPIE 2984 25-9... 

Strickler J FI and Webb W W 1990 Two-photon excitation in laser scanning fluorescence microscopy Proc. SPIE 13948107-18... 

W. W. (1990) Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Science, 248, 73-76. 

McConnell, G. (2004). Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy with a visible continuum source. Opt. Express 12, 2844—50. 

Multi-spectral imaging and linear unmixing add a whole new dimension to laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Biotechniques 31, 1272-8. 

Two-photon excitation provides intrinsic 3-D resolution in laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. The 3-D sectioning effect is comparable to that of confocal microscopy, but it offers two advantages with respect to the latter because the illumination is concentrated in both time and space, there is no out-of-focus photo-bleaching, and the excitation beam is not attenuated by out-of-focus absorption, which results in increased penetration depth of the excitation light. 

Viability-based technologies Direct epifluorescent filter microscopy Membrane laser scanning Fluorescence cytometry Fluorescence flow cytometry... 

Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy was used to study the exposure of the avidin-specific binding sites in the Av-GEB platform by the immobilization of a small and flexible biotinylated fluorescein molecule as a fluorescence marker. Fluorescence microscopy thus confirms that Av-GEB platform exposes active binding sites for biotin, acting as affinity matrix (Fig. 21.2B). After use, the electrode surface can be renewed by a simple polishing procedure for further uses, highlighting a clear advantage of this new material with respect to surface-modified approaches such as classical biosensors and other common... 

Fig. 21.2. (A) Schematic representation of the electrochemical DNA biosensing procedures based on Av-GEB. (B) Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microphotograph of Av-GEB transducers submitted to (i) non-biotinylated fluorescein (background adsorption) and (ii) 80 pmol of biotinylated fluorescein. Laser excitation was at 568 nm. Voltage 352 V (more details in Zacco et at., [65]).

For biotechnological purposes, it is necessary not only that cells remain viable but also that adhesion is maintained so that a cell can be found in the expected position. The adhesion pattern that a cell has adopted before freezing is crucial to successful cryo-preservation. Adhesion patterns can be visualised by (TIRF microscopy, [63]) mentioned above and also by confocal laser scanning fluorescence (CLSM, [64]) microscopy. We have investigated the adhesion patterns of fibroblasts as a function of adhesion time and various surface treatments [65]. Some examples are shown in Fig. 19. 

Other methods of imaging fat crystals and fat crystal networks (not all of them optical) include confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, multiple photon microscopy, atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy (Narine and Marangoni, 1999). 

In recent years, many other techniques have been employed to elucidate the structure of fat crystal networks including confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (Heertje et al. 1987) and multiple photon microscopy (Marangoni and Hartel 1996). Another advance has been the development of three-dimensional imaging. 

In recent years, we have developed a two-color super-resolution laser scanning fluorescence microscope based on the up-conversion fluorescence depletion... 

The last two decades have seen tremendous progress in optical microscopy, especially, confocal fluorescence microscopy. Confocal laser-scanning fluorescence... 

Denk W, Strickler JH. Webb WW (1990) 2-Photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Science 248 73-... 

Confocal laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM). The micrographs were obtained by means of a Leica confocal scanning system mounted to a Leica Aristoplan. A 1 OOX oil immersion objective with the numerical aperture 1.4 was used. The standard filter settings for fluorescent excitation and emission were used. 

Figure 1.1 Confocal laser scan fluorescence images of single crystals of (a, b)...

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