Laroche

Fluorinated biphenyls have been incorporated into numerous Hquid crystal stmctures as attested by patents and pubHcations from the following organizations E. Merck GmbH (257,258) Sharp (258) Hoffmann-LaRoche (259) Kanto Chemical (260) U.K. Defence Secretariat (261) Dainippon (262) Chisso (263) Sanyo Chemical (264) and the University of Hull (265). Seiko Epson has also patented fluorinated terphenyls for Hquid crystal appHcations (266). 

The amount of Hquid crystals produced each year for appHcations is several tens of tons, with the vast majority designed specifically for display appHcations. Several of the largest producers of commercial Hquid crystals are E. Merck, Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc., and Chisso. E. M. Chemicals (Hawthorne, New York) is the distributor for E. Merck in the United States and Chisso America Inc. has an office in New York. Hoffmann-LaRoche and Di Nippon Inc. have joined forces to form a new company, Rodic. 

The 1995 Canadian and United States sugar alcohol (polyol) production is shown in Table 2. The market share of each is also given. Liquids comprise 48% crystalline product comprises 39% and mannitol comprises 13% of the polyol market. An estimate of total U.S. sorbitol capacity for 1995 on a 70% solution basis was 498,000 t. ADM, Decatur, lU., produced 68,200 t Ethichem, Easton, Pa., 13,600 t Lon2a, Mapleton, lU., 45,400 t Roquette America, Gurnee, lU., 68,200 t and SPI Polyols, New Castle, Del., 75,000 t (204). Hoffman-LaRoche, which produces sorbitol for captive usage in the manufacture of Vitamin C (see Vitamins), produced about 27,300 t in 1995. 

W. Nikolowski, ia Vitamins (3) Editoaes , P. Hoffmann-LaRoche Co. Ltd., Basle, Switzerland, (1973). 

Because feed comprises over 80% of the cost of producing and fattening cattle, the maximum utilization of ever increasingly expensive rations is of upmost importance (179). Monensin under the trade name of Rumen sin (Elanco Products) was introduced in 1976 at a recommended level of 30 ppm in cattle feed. Lasalocid having the trade name Bovatec (Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc.) was marketed some years later. 

The primary manufacturers are Hoffmaim-LaRoche, Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Agri-Bio Corp. (a division of A. H. Robins), Elanco Products Co. (a division of Eh Lilly and Co.), Hoechst-Roussel Agri Vet Co., American Cyanamid Co., and Kaken Pharmaceutical Co. 

Market Data. The largest U.S. manufacturer of molecular sieves for adsorbent and desiccant use is UOP, which has a production capacity of 18—20 million kg/year. W.R. Grace and Zeochem have about 7 and 2 million kg/year capacity, respectively (55). W.R. Grace is the largest producer of siUca gel desiccants. Activated alumina for use as adsorbent and desiccant is produced by LaRoche Chemicals (formerly Kaiser) and by Aluminum Company of America. About one-third of the U.S. supply of activated alumina adsorbent and desiccant is imported by Rhc ne-Poulenc. 

---