Language Tips

Audience and Purpose Concise Writing 584 Fluid Writing 586 Formal Vocabulary 588 Hedging 590 Nominalizations 594 Respectively 597 Unambiguous Writing 599 Writing Conventions 

Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Compound Labels 601 Active and Passive Voice 604 Numbers and Units 608 Grammar and Mechanics Grammar 

Plural and Singular Scientific Words 616 Split Infinitives 619 Subject-Verb Agreement 620 Punctuation 

Affect/Effect 634 Between/Among 636 Comprise/Compose 638 Farther/Further 641 Fewer/Less 643 Its/lt s 644 Precede/Proceed 645 Principle/Principal 648 Since/Because and While/Although 650 Then/Than 653 Which/That 654 

The importance of concise writing is stressed throughout this textbook. 

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Additional language tips—related to audience and purpose, writing conventions, and grammar and mechanics—are included in appendix A. Each tip has explanatory notes, examples, exercises, and an answer key, making self-study easy. Appendix B repeats, for easy reference and accessibility, the move structures included in the textbook. 

Revise the following sentences so that they are more concise (and more professional). If you need some help, consult the Audience and Purpose section above and the Concise Writing language tip In appendix A. 

Proofreading Tip The singular/plural words introduced in this language tip are used frequently in chemistry writing. If you are unfamiliar with the two forms, memorize them. Remember that it is rare to use the singular word datum. Because you will most likely use the plural form, data, make sure you use it with a plural verb form. 

Write Like a Chemist concludes with two appendices. Appendix A provides helpful tips about language areas that often prove troublesome for writers (e.g., easily confused words, scientific plurals, punctuation, and grammar). Each language tip includes exercises and an answer key, facilitating self-study. (For a full listing of tips, see the first page of appendix A.) For ease of consultation, appendix B... 

This refers to the clarity of the message given, including the use of appropriate language. Tips for successful presentation include ... 

Would the mother chimp have done the same without the signing Did she see the baby s antics out of the corner of her eye and realize by herself what the baby was hiding Or did the sign language tip the mother that her baby was concealing the pacifier We ll never know, but it makes one wonder. 

Written Memos. One of the most effective devices for improving maintenance communications is a newsletter or internal memo. The memo s success depends heavily on communicating formal tips and techniques in the mechanics language and using photos, sketches, and drawings generously to get the message across. 

Management Tip You may choose to do the Pinal Activities during language arts. 

TIP Remember always to include the final d for the past tense of suppose. Too frequently, the word is used without the final d, and this immediately signals that the speaker either isn t well educated or doesn t care about language. 

Many indigenous groups in the South American rain forests of the Amzon basin use blowguns with blowpipe darts poisoned at the tip to paralyze hunted game. The poisonous material is known as curare (which means poison in several local languages). There are three kinds of curare which are named by the difference in the containers used to carry them these are (1) tubo curare (tube of bamboo curare), (2) pot curare, and (3) calabash curare, and are described below. 

So far everything described applies to the basic onedimensional (ID) NMR experiment when the nuclear spin system is subjected typically to a 90° pulse and the FID is collected. A wide variety of experiments exist in the literature and are routinely applied to measure NMR properties such as relaxation times Ti, Tz, and Tip, which can be related in some cases to molecular dynamics. These experiments involve the use of several pulses separated by timed variable delays and are controlled by pulse programs written in a high-level language for ease of understanding and modification. The computer system will have software to interpret the data and calculate the relaxation times using least-squares fitting routines. 

A package written in a new language or CASE tool Tip 3 Buy the steak, not the sizzle. 

Tip, F. A survey of program slicing techniques. Journal of Programming Languages 3, 121-189 (1995)... 

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