Language design

Expert systems are computer programs that simulate the decision-making process of human experts. The hallmark of expert systems is that decisions are based on heuristics (rules of thumb) when data is incomplete or there is not enough time to consider all possibilities [19]. An expert system can be a set of IF-THEN rules in FORTRAN, or it can be a written in one of the languages designed for expert systems, such as LISP. Expert systems can be used off-line to aid in cure cycle selection, or they can be used as real-time advisers or controllers. 

Much of numerical computation in chemistry revolves about numerical multilinear algebra. By this term I denote the manipulation of arrays whose dimension may exceed two. Mindful of Richard and Ledgard s admonition (16) that language design should never be overly ambitious, I propose only data structures, operations, and syntax for programming multilinear algebra. Multilin exceeds Bohlender s Pascal extension in two ways its provision for more than two dimensions, and its explicit declaration of data representations. 

SQL (structured query language) A language designed by IBM for using relational databases. 

Topping C J, Rehder M J, May oh B H. 1999. VIOLA a new visual programming language designed for the rapid development of interacting agent systems. Acta Biotheor 47 129-140. 

Farrow, R and Stanculescu, A. G (1989) A VHDL Conquler Based on Attribute Grammar Methoddogy. ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, pp 120-130. 

Nethercote, N., Seward, J. Valgrind a frameworkfor heavyweight dynamic binary instrumentation. In Proc. of the ACM SIGPLAN 2007 Conf. on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 2007), S. 89 100, 2007. 

Ada was designed with embedded applications in mind from the start. For example, the use of representation clauses, which have been extended and made more powerful in Ada 2005, allows close mapping of data structures to the hardware, and the built in concurrency can be used to map handling of multi-tasking at the hardware level. Additionally, many embedded applications require high reliability or are safety-critical, which is where a language designed for maximum safety really shines. 

Programming languages Artificial (or formal) languages designed to let people specify algorithms and describe data structures, usually in a notation that is independent of the underlying target machine. 

SILAGE, a Pascal-like language designed for describing DSP algorithms. 

Extending synthesis to higher levels also requires solving the increased complexities of the languages, designs, and technology on higher levels of abstractions. 

Launchbury, J., Jones, S.L.P. Lazy functional state threads. In Proceedings of the ACM SICPLAN 94 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDF94), pp. 24-35. ACM Press, New York (1994)... 

Figure 5. Language designations on the keyword list (with frequency counts)...

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