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Landslides falls

Landslide—A mass movement in which a fairly coherent mass of rock and/or soil rapidly moves down slope along a discrete plane sometimes used to include all types of moderately rapid mass movements involving flows, falls, or slides. [Pg.254]

There are two broad causes of mass wasting. One is a sudden failure of the slope sending loosened debris sliding, rolling, falling or slumping down hill and the other is a process called sediment flow where the debris flows down the slope mixed with water or air. Vames (1978) further classified landslides by the type of movement and type of material involved as shown in Table 2.14. [Pg.37]

Varnes (1978) classified landslides according to the type of materials involved on the one hand and the type of movement undergone on the other (Fig. 3.8). The materials concerned were grouped as rocks and soils. The types of movement were grouped into falls, slides and... [Pg.94]

The criteria used in the description of landslides (Cruden Varnes 1996) follow Varnes (1978) in emphasizing material and movement. A landslide can be described by a word describing the material and a second word describing the type of movement. The major divisions of materials are unchanged from Varnes (1978) rock, debris and earth. Movements have again been divided into five types falls, flows, slides, spreads and topples. [Pg.18]

Often the context implies a particular value of a descriptor, which may then be omitted or descriptors may be dropped if they are not relevant. Second or subsequent movements in complex or composite landslides can be described by repeating terms. Descriptors, which are the same as those for the first movement, may then be omitted from the name. The Frank Shde, for instance, was a complex, extremely rapid, dry rock-fad debris-flow. The type of material may be connected to its type of movement by a hyphen as in debris-flow or left unhyphenated when there is no ambiguity as in the Frank rock fall. The sequence of types of movement, fall then flow, indicates the sequence of movements in the landslide the addition of the complex descriptor to the name distinguishes the landslide from a composite rock-fall debris-flow. The full name of the Frank Slide as given above, implies that the debris flow was both extremely... [Pg.18]

A fifth term, frozen, was suggested by Cruden Couture (2010) for use in permafrost terrains. Water in the displaced or displacing material is present as ice. The term is useful for describing inactive landslides in permafrost and for some active movements in frozen ground. Some rock glaciers are very slow, frozen rock flows (Giardino et al., 1987), frozen rock and soil falls are produced by thermal niche erosion along Arctic coasts (Hoque Pollard 2009). [Pg.19]

In this section, the five kinematically distinct types of landslides are described in a sequence, fall, topple, slide, spread and flow (WPAVLI 1993b, Fig. 6). It begins with movements typical of rocks on steep slopes and ends with earth flows on shallow slopes. [Pg.20]

Field investigation in low mountain and hilly areas showed that there were not the large-scale rock-falls and landslides. Instead, the seismic cracks and small-scale rockfalls along the hill ridges were the main geo-hazards. This phenomenon was also observed on the A type roof of the temple or residential building, which the seismic wave had a obvious amplification on those position (Figs. 2-3). [Pg.74]

In the area of south China and west Hubei in middle China, carbonate rock is widely distributed and bare, and the landform is characterized by developed karst with large topographic relief, deep erosion gullies and rock fracture are very common, which provide convenience for disasters of rock falling and small landslide and there developed plenty of karst caves or rivers underground which give the advantage for earthquake collapse. In addition, there plenty of buried karst caves in the broad area of middle and north China, which provide convenience for earthquake collapse. [Pg.155]

The Qiaojia county lies in the conjunction of Xiaojian fault, Lianfengshan fault etc. The violent movement of neotectonic movement and frequent earthquake made the soil and rock broken and decrease slope stability so that landslides and falls initiated and led to plenty of loose materials that contribute to the occurrence of debris flow in Qiaojia. [Pg.169]

Slope-stabilization techniques are commonly used in road cuts to prevent rock fall and landslides. These techniques include structural solutions (such as gabions, retaining walls, and spray-on concrete) and less structural approaches incorporating geotextiles and revegetation. [Pg.734]

FIGURE 11.4 Types of movement (a) fall, (b) topple, (c) slide, (d) spread, and (e) flow. (From Cruden, D.M., and Varnes, D.J., Landslide Types and Processes, In Landslides Investigation and Mitigation, Turner, A.K., and Schuster, R.L. (eds.), Transportation Research Board Special Report 247, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1996. With permission.)... [Pg.322]

The flood resulting from the probable maximum tsunami resulting from an earthquake (see Ret [2] for guidance on the seismic hazard), and also from landslides (including landslides under the sea), undersea volcanoes and falling ice ... [Pg.6]

A tsunami is a train of water waves generated by impulsive disturbances of the water surface due to non-meteorological but geophysical phenomena such as submarine earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, submarine slumps and landslides or ice falls into a body of water. The severity of the waves at the nuclear power plant will depend on the characteristics of the seabed movement, the location of the plant (whether it is near a fjord or bay) and the direction of movement with respect to the plant, and the response of the near shore waters to the tsunami waves. Depending on its location, the site might be subjected to damaging waves. [Pg.54]


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