Land remote sensing

First land remote sensing satellite (Landsat) launched information from such satellites is playing an increasingly important role in identifying from space potential deposits of oil, natural gas and other minerals. 

Examples of semi-quantitative assessments include interpretive maps and informational matrices which could be utilized to relate land-use, topography and erosion or other non-point source problems. Remote sensing imagery from low, intermediate and high altitude are applicable to this approach (29). 

Koch M (2000) Geological controls of land degradation as detected by remote sensing a case study in Los Monegros, north-east Spain. Int J Remote Sens 21 457 173... 

Prakash, A., Fielding. E. J., Gens, R., van Genderen, J. L. Evans, D. L. 2001. Data fusion for investigating land subsidence and coal fire hazards in a coal mining area. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22, 921-932. 

Roulet N.T. Schimel D.S. and Try P.D. (1995). Remote sensing of the land surface for studies of global change Models-algorithms-experiments. Remote Sensing of Environment, 51(1), 3-26. 

Figure 10.6. Remote-sensed spectra of representative areas on the Moon s surface (from Gaddis et al., 1985). Left telescopic spectral reflectance scaled to unity at 1.02 i.m and offset relative to adjacent spectra right residual absorption features for the same measurements after a straight line continuum extending from 0.73 pm to 1.6 pm has been removed, (a) Highland soil sampled at the Apollo 16 landing site (b) high-Ti mare basalt at the Apollo 17 landing site (c) low-Ti mare basalt at Mare Serenitatis and (d) pyroclastic deposits at Taurus-Littrow.

Future spacecraft missions to solar system objects are primarily being oriented towards remote-sensing experiments, in contrast to the soft-landed in situ experiments and sample-return initiatives during the 1970 s and 1980 s. Because reflectance spectroscopy has become one of the most important investigative techniques in the planetary sciences, current and planned space missions for the 1990 s and 21st century should include visible and near-infrared spectrometers in their instrument payloads. Reflectance spectral measurements from space would provide more favourable viewing geometries, eliminate problems due to telluric water and C02, and improve the resolution of areas scanned on a nearby planetary surface. 

H. Piazena, D.-P. Hader (1997). Penetration of solar UV and PAR into different waters of the Baltic Sea and remote sensing of phytoplankton. In D.-P Hader (Ed.), The Effect of Ozone Depletion on Aquatic Ecosystems (pp.45-96). R.G. Landes Company, Academic Press, Austin. 

Remote sensing of oil involves the use of sensors other than human vision to detect or map oil spills. As already noted, oil often cannot be detected in certain conditions. Remote sensing provides a timely means to map out the locations and approximate concentrations of very large spills in many conditions. Remote sensing is usually carried out with instruments onboard aircraft or by satellite. While many sensors have been developed for a variety of environmental applications, only a few are useful for oil spill work. Remote sensing of oil on land is particularly limited and only one or two sensors are useful. 

Linking Remote Sensing, Land Cover and Disease... 

Filippova EM, Boichuk IV, Dolenko TA, Eadeev VV (1997) Proc 3rd EARSeL Workshop on Lidar Remote Sensing of Land and Sea, p 51... 

Natural oil seeps are found worldwide (Wilson et al, 1974), including coastal regions both on land and on the sea floor. Whereas oil seeps on land are commonly visible, those in the sea are often invisible because of the overlying water. However, these invisible seeps are commonly revealed because they produce, on the sea surface, oil sUcks which can be mapped by various remote-sensing techniques (MacDonald et al, 1993). 

Our conceptual model divided the BDW lake basin into three land cover types (based on remote sensing data) (i) terrestrial, (ii) wetland, and (iii) lake (Fig. 3). Average annual mass movements for total mercury were calculated using the collected data [86]. Wet precipitation was the only source of mercury inputs considered to the terrestrial system accounting for 184 g (mercury deposited over land. The total outputs from the terrestrial system accounted for 372 g (o- = 36.7 g), of that, 35% (132 g, tr = 0.0 g) was incorporated into vegetation and, 13% (49 g, o-=0.0g) was volatilized from the soil surface. Although we were unable to measure mercury runoff directly, 191 g would be necessary in order to balance the inputs and outputs of the wetland component. 

Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 4257-4266 Lorius, C., J. Jouzel, C. Ritz, L. Merlivat, N. I. Barkov, Y. S. Korotkevich, and V. M. Kotlyakov (1985) A 150,000-year climatic record from Antarctic ice. Nature 316, 591-596 Loveland, T. R., B. C. Reed, J. F. Brown, D. O.Ohlen, Z. Zhu, L.Yang and J. W. Merchant (2000) Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21, 1303-1330 Lovelock, J. E. (1979) Gaia A new look at life on earth. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 157 pp. 

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