LAMP method

Lamp Method the sample is burned in a closed system in an atmosphere of 70% CO2 and 30% oxygen in order to avoid formation of nitrogen oxides. This method was to have been abandoned as it takes three hours to carry out, but remains officially required for jet fuel sulfur analysis. 

In both the above cases the following will occur when the generator breaker is closed and the frequency of the incoming machine/ is not equal to the frequency of the existing source For ease of explanation, we consider the dark lamp method. In the voltmeter method it is the voltmeter needle that will Hicker rather than the lights. 

Fe-55 Method or Lamp Method Differ- ence Fe-55, Method or Lamp Method Differ- ence... 

The lamp method involves combustion of a sample of sulphone in a closed system with an atmosphere of 30% oxygen and 70% carbon dioxide214. The mixture of sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide formed is converted in situ to sulphate by oxidation with hydrogen... 

Coal Mines, Determination of Firedamp and of Coal Dust In Atmospheres of. Although many instruments have been designed to detect the presence of firedamp (or rather methane) in mine atmospheres, the principles of the flame safety lamp (Davy-type lamp) still form the basis of many detectors. The Davy lamp invented in 1815 is briefly described under COAL MINE EXPLOSIONS AND FIRES and it is stated that each US mine should have at least two Davy-type lamps to serve as detectors of firedamp or of lack of oxygen. If firedamp is present in small quantity, the flame of Davy lamp elongates and if the gas is present in considerable quantity, the lamp becomes filled with blue flame. For more definite detection of gas, the flame of the lamp is lowered until the yel part is at a minimum. Then the gas will be discernible as a small blue cap over the flame. This method is described in Refs 1, 9, 12 25. Some investigators consider that the safety lamp method of detection of firedamp is not very reliable (Ref 7)... 

Another method is loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP). This was carried out at a constant temperature of 65°C on the sample well of a PMMA chip. Subsequent CGE separation was carried out. The LAMP method has been applied for analysis of the PSA gene with a 23-fg/p.L template concentration [953,954],... 

The angle can be assessed by using the shadow test, the sUt-lamp method, or most accurately by gonioscopy. 

Figure 20-3 SUt-lamp method for anterior angle evaluation. (A) The sUt-lamp beam should be as narrow as possible and should be directed toward the eye at an angle of approximately 60 degrees from the direction of the observation microscope.The depth of the anterior chamber (A) is compared with the thickness of the cornea (C) through which the beam travels. (B) SUt-lamp view of a wide open (grade 4) angle in which the depth of the anterior chamber is greater than the thickness of the cornea. CC) SUt-lamp view of a grade 2 angle in which the depth of the anterior chamber is one-fourth the thickness of the cornea.

Total sulfur in gas can be determined by combustion (ASTM D-1072), by the lamp method (ASTM D-1266), or by hydrogenation (ASTM D-3031, ASTM D-4468). Trace total organic and bound nitrogen is determined (ASTM D-4629). The current test method for heavy residues in liquefied petroleum gas (ASTM D-2158) involves evaporation of a liquefied petroleum gas sample, measuring the volume of residue and observing the residue for oil stain on a piece of filter paper. 

The total sulfur content of gasoline is very low, and knowledge of its magnitude is of chief interest to the refiner who must produce a product that conforms to a stringent specification. Various methods are available for the determination of total sulfur content. The one most frequently quoted in specifications is the lamp method (ASTM D-1266, IP 107), in which the gasoline is burned in a small wick-fed lamp in an artificial atmosphere of carbon dioxide and oxygen the oxides of sulfur are converted to sulfuric acid, which is then determined either volumetricaUy or gravimetrically. 

A more recent development is the Wickbold method (ASTM D-2785, IP 243). This is basically similar to the lamp method except that the sample is burned in an oxy-hydrogen burner to give much more rapid combustion. An alternative technique, which has the advantage of being nondestructive, is X-ray spectrography (ASTM D-2622). 

Various standard procedures are available for the determination of the sulfur content of distillate fuels. In the lamp method (ASTM D-126, IP 107), which is widely used, the product is burned completely in a small wick-fed lamp, the gases formed by combustion are absorbed in hydrogen peroxide solution, and the sulfur is subsequently determined as sulfate. Several rapid methods, including X-ray absorption and high-temperature combustion, for the determination of sulfur are also available. 

The reagents for the latest accelerated-LAMP method were modified along with ELIDA reagent such that the two systems could operate together in the same tube. This BART reagent was used, in conjunction with suitable primers, to detect and quantify a proprietary target sequence of interest. 

These three methods of correction present advantages and inconveniences the deuterium lamp method uses a more complex optical assembly including a second source - the Zeeman method is expensive - the S-H method requires special lamps. The dynamic range is reduced. The choice of the correcting device must be made as a function of the desired applications. 

The method has been used successfully to analyse a number of sulphur-containing organic compounds, including those that contain fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen and oxygen. The mean relative standard deviation is 0.37%. A complete analysis takes about 20 min. The sulphur detection limit is 0.05 mg. Although some conventional methods, such as the lamp method, are capable of measuring lower concentrations, there are indications that the method under review will eventually be suitable for the simultaneous determination of sulphur and some other elements. 

Table 7.3 shows comparative results for sulphur determinations with the use of the conventional lamp method and the method discussed above. The results are identical for all practical purposes. It is believed that the above method can be further improved so as to be suitable for the determination of very low sulphur concentrations of ca. 

Carbon Black (CB) is a colloidal form of elemental carbon, which usually consists of spherical particles. Size of these molecules is less than few dozen nanometers. Particles create agglomerations with different spatial configuration. Structure and configurations of particles influence properties of carbon black. The genesis of obtaining carbon black is mainly based on incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials. The main precursors include wood, coal, natural gas and hydrocarbons. The basic production methods for this material include furnace method, lamp method, and now more widely used plasma method. Commercially available carbon black fillers have varying level of structure, particle size, chemical reactivity and pH that lead to different levels of reinforcement. 

D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method) ... 

Nakamura, N. Ito, K. Hashimoto, K. Genma, N. Nikaido, M. A novel quantitative nucleic acid assay by an improved LAMP method. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2012200223, 2012. 

GUNiMALADEVi I, KONO T, LAPAiRA SE and SAKAI M (2005), A loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Arch Virol, 150(5), 899-909. 

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